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In functional experiments, T cell-derived ACh increased endothelial nitric oxide-synthase activity, promoted vasorelaxation, and reduced vascular endothelial activation and promoted barrier integrity by a cholinergic mechanism. Further, we observed that survival in a cohort of patients with severe circulatory failure correlated with their relative frequency of\n                    <jats:italic>ChAT\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:italic>CD4<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T\u00a0cells in blood. These findings on ChAT\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    human T\u00a0cells provide a mechanism for cholinergic immune regulation of vascular endothelial function in human inflammation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2212476120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,29]],"date-time":"2023-03-29T13:37:47Z","timestamp":1680097067000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Cholinergic regulation of vascular endothelial function by human ChAT\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T cells"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7993-0232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Tarnawski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunobiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University 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