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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) microenvironment (RAM) and its persistent inflammatory nature can promote damage to joints, bones, and the synovium. Targeting strategies that integrate effective RAM regulation with imaging-based monitoring could lead to improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of RA. Here, we report the combined use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs\n                    <jats:sup>T\/I<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) and Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) to silence the expression of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-\u03b1\/IL-6 and scavenge the ROS associated with RAM. To enhance the in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo biological stability, biocompatibility, and targeting capability of the siRNAs\n                    <jats:sup>T\/I<\/jats:sup>\n                    and PBNPs, macrophage membrane vesicles were used to prepare biomimetic nanoparticles, M@P-siRNAs\n                    <jats:sup>T\/I<\/jats:sup>\n                    . The resulting constructs were found to suppress tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1\/interleukin-6 expression and overcome the hypoxic nature of RAM, thus alleviating RA-induced joint damage in a mouse model. The M@P-siRNAs\n                    <jats:sup>T\/I<\/jats:sup>\n                    of this study could be monitored via near-infrared photoacoustic (PA) imaging. Moreover, multispectral PA imaging without the need for labeling permitted the real-time evaluation of M@P-siRNAs\n                    <jats:sup>T\/I<\/jats:sup>\n                    as a putative RA treatment. Clinical microcomputed tomography and histological analysis confirmed the effectiveness of the treatment. We thus suggest that macrophage-biomimetic M@P-siRNAs\n                    <jats:sup>T\/I<\/jats:sup>\n                    and their analogs assisted by PA imaging could provide a new strategy for RA diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2213373119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T14:19:12Z","timestamp":1666102752000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Photoacoustic image-guided biomimetic nanoparticles targeting rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Jianhai","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Rehabilitation Department of Longgang District People\u2019s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China"},{"name":"Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silue","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery I, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China"},{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital, The Second Clinical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchuan","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liangjian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory for Biomedical Optics and Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihua","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery I, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen People\u2019s Hospital, The Second Clinical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518020, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benguo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Department of Longgang District People\u2019s Hospital of Shenzhen, The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam C.","family":"Sedgwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3706-3833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Translational Medicine Research and Development, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center for Medical Bioactive Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, 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