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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    While the effective\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    -factor can be anisotropic due to the spin-orbit interaction (SOI), its existence in solids cannot be simply asserted from a band structure, which hinders progress on studies from such viewpoints. The effective\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    -factor in bismuth (Bi) is largely anisotropic; especially for holes at\n                    <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\n                    -point, the effective\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    -factor perpendicular to the trigonal axis is negligibly small (&lt;0.112), whereas the effective\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    -factor along the trigonal axis is very large (62.7). We clarified in this work that the large anisotropy of effective\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    -factor gives rise to the large spin conversion anisotropy in Bi from experimental and theoretical approaches. Spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance was applied to estimate the spin conversion efficiency in rhombohedral (110) Bi to be 17 to 27%, which is unlike the negligibly small efficiency in Bi(111). Harmonic Hall measurements support\u00a0the\u00a0large spin conversion efficiency in Bi(110). A large spin conversion anisotropy as the clear manifestation of the anisotropy of the effective\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    -factor is observed. Beyond the emblematic case of Bi, our study unveiled the significance of the effective\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    -factor anisotropy in condensed-matter physics and can pave a pathway toward establishing novel spin physics under\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    -factor control.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2215030120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T13:47:22Z","timestamp":1679579242000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Observation of large spin conversion anisotropy in bismuth"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Naoki","family":"Fukumoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 615-8510, 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Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Matsushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ei","family":"Shigematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruya","family":"Shinjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuichiro","family":"Ando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan"},{"name":"PRESTO, Japan Science and 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