{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T00:15:50Z","timestamp":1791504950530,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1681171200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"HHS | NIH | National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR001863"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR001863"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Internal Funds KU Leuven","award":["C14\/18\/094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C14\/18\/094"]}]},{"name":"Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlaanderen","award":["G0E1420N G098321N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0E1420N G098321N"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1R56 AI149004-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R56 AI149004-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Powassan virus is an emerging tick-borne virus of concern for public health, but very little is known about its transmission patterns and ecology. Here, we expanded the genomic dataset by sequencing 279 Powassan viruses isolated from\n                    <jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ticks from the northeastern United States. Our phylogeographic reconstructions revealed that Powassan virus lineage II was likely introduced or emerged from a relict population in the Northeast between 1940 and 1975. Sequences strongly clustered by sampling location, suggesting a highly focal geographical distribution. Our analyses further indicated that Powassan virus lineage II emerged in the northeastern United States mostly following a south-to-north pattern, with a weighted lineage dispersal velocity of ~3 km\/y. Since the emergence in the Northeast, we found an overall increase in the effective population size of Powassan virus lineage II, but with growth stagnating during recent years. The cascading effect of population expansion of white-tailed deer and\n                    <jats:italic>I. scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations likely facilitated the emergence of Powassan virus in the northeastern United States.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2218012120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]],"date-time":"2023-04-11T13:38:15Z","timestamp":1681220295000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Phylogeographic reconstruction of the emergence and spread of Powassan virus in the northeastern United States"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0027-6480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chantal\u00a0B.\u00a0F.","family":"Vogels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT\u00a006510"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doug\u00a0E.","family":"Brackney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT\u00a006511"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0703-9250","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"II","given":"Alan\u00a0P.","family":"Dupuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Arbovirus Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY\u00a012159"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY\u00a012222"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca\u00a0M.","family":"Robich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-borne Disease Laboratory, MaineHealth Institute for 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Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3751-7703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott\u00a0C.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Forestry, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT\u00a006511"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0199-8469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John\u00a0F.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT\u00a006511"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles\u00a0B.","family":"Lubelczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-borne Disease Laboratory, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, 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Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY\u00a012159"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, NY\u00a012222"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4240-0383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jody\u00a0L.","family":"Gangloff-Kaufmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY\u00a014853"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura\u00a0B.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Ecosystem Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY\u00a014853"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy","family":"Baele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert\u00a0P.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-borne Disease Laboratory, MaineHealth Institute for Research, Scarborough, ME\u00a004074"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip\u00a0M.","family":"Armstrong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases, Department of Entomology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT\u00a006511"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander\u00a0T.","family":"Ciota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Arbovirus Laboratory, New York State Department of Health, Wadsworth Center, Slingerlands, NY\u00a012159"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Albany School of Public Health, Albany, 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