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After middle age, with the control mice, the male fmARKO mice showed much less muscle function, accompanied by lower hindlimb muscle mass; this phenotype was similar to the progression of sarcopenia. The bone mineral density of the femur was significantly reduced in the fmARKO mice, indicating possible osteosarcopenia. Microarray and gene ontology analyses revealed that in male fmARKO mice, there was downregulation of polyamine biosynthesis-related geneswhich was confirmed by liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry assay and the primary cultured myofibers. None of the AR deletion-related phenotypes were observed in female fmARKO mice. Our findings showed that the AR pathway had essential muscle type- and sex-specific roles in the differentiation toward fast-twitch fibers and in the maintenance of muscle composition and function. The AR in fast-twitch muscles was the dominant regulator of muscle fiber-type composition and muscle function, including the muscle\u2013bone relationship.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2218032120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T15:09:27Z","timestamp":1674227367000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Sarcopenia phenotype and impaired muscle function in\u00a0male mice with fast-twitch muscle-specific knockout of the androgen\u00a0receptor"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Hosoi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsutaka","family":"Yakabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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