{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T06:21:19Z","timestamp":1789626079256,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18H05523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18H05523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21H04810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21H04810"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Both the cerebellum and basal ganglia are involved in rhythm processing, but their specific roles remain unclear. During rhythm perception, these areas may be processing purely sensory information, or they may be involved in motor preparation, as periodic stimuli often induce synchronized movements. Previous studies have shown that neurons in the cerebellar dentate nucleus and the caudate nucleus exhibit periodic activity when the animals prepare to respond to the random omission of regularly repeated visual stimuli. To detect stimulus omission, the animals need to learn the stimulus tempo and predict the timing of the next stimulus. The present study demonstrates that neuronal activity in the cerebellum is modulated by the location of the repeated stimulus and that in the striatum (STR)\u00a0by the direction of planned movement. However, in both brain regions, neuronal activity during movement and the effect of electrical stimulation immediately before stimulus omission were largely dependent on the direction of movement. These results suggest that, during rhythm processing, the cerebellum is involved in multiple stages from sensory prediction to motor control, while the STR consistently plays a role in motor preparation. Thus, internalized rhythms without movement are maintained as periodic neuronal activity, with the cerebellum and STR preferring sensory and motor representations, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2221641120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]],"date-time":"2023-06-05T15:16:24Z","timestamp":1685978184000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Sensory and motor representations of internalized rhythms in the cerebellum and basal ganglia"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Masashi","family":"Kameda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9958-5867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koichiro","family":"Niikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1167-4022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akiko","family":"Uematsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6177-1314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaki","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200004270-00031"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00968"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03206433"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2010.21506"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2018.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2014.0093"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.09.064"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.66743"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1154735"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00057"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2152"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci10080514"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4107-11.2012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1999.0514"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2007.19.5.893"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhn042"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000054"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1112933108"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30246-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.38983"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1698-13.2013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.48702"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2151-20.2021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2017.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20615"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","first-page":"605","article-title":"Predictive timing signals during rhythm processing are effector-selective in the striatum but not in the cerebellum","volume":"638","author":"Kameda M.","year":"2022","unstructured":"M. Kameda, M. Tanaka, Predictive timing signals during rhythm processing are effector-selective in the striatum but not in the cerebellum. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 638, 605 (2022).","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci. Abstr."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(90)90428-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00227293"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-020-01108-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.31.060407.125606"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.3.953"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2020.04.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(03)00118-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.35676"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1764"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1810596115"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0910473107"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5561-10.2011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2008.163337"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2742-07.2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-22-10074.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2010.21429"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2017.141"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4570-14.2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Kameda M. Tanaka Sensory and motor representations of internalized rhythms in the cerebellum and basal ganglia. Mendeley. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17632\/ckcxcjw8j3.1. Accessed 25 May 2023.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2221641120"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2221641120","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T09:13:31Z","timestamp":1695287611000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2221641120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2221641120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2221641120","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2221641120"}}