{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:42:24Z","timestamp":1791333744553,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The national key R&D program of China","award":["2021YFC2300703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021YFC2300703"]}]},{"name":"shanghai municipal science and technology major project","award":["ZD2021CY001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZD2021CY001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The national natural science foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82202490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82202490"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The recently emerged Omicron subvariants XBB and BQ.1.1 have presented striking immune evasion against most monoclonal neutralizing antibodies and convalescent plasma. Therefore, it is essential to develop broad-spectrum COVID-19 vaccines to combat current and future emerging variants. Here, we found that the human IgG Fc-conjugated RBD of the original SARS-CoV-2 strain (WA1) plus a novel STING agonist-based adjuvant CF501 (CF501\/RBD-Fc) could induce highly potent and durable broad-neutralizing antibody (bnAb) responses against Omicron subvariants, including BQ.1.1 and XBB in rhesus macaques with NT50s ranging from 2,118 to 61,742 after three doses. A decline of 0.9- to 4.7-fold was observed in the neutralization activity of sera in the CF501\/RBD-Fc group against BA.2.2, BA.2.9, BA.5, BA.2.75, and BF.7 relative to D614G after three doses, while a significant decline of NT50 against BQ.1.1 (26.9-fold) and XBB (22.5-fold) relative to D614G. However, the bnAbs were still effective in neutralizing BQ.1.1 and XBB infection. These results suggest that the conservative but nondominant epitopes in RBD could be stimulated by CF501 to generate bnAbs, providing a proof-of-concept for using \u201cnonchangeable against changeables\u201d strategy to develop pan-sarbecovirus vaccines against sarbecoviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2221713120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]],"date-time":"2023-03-10T14:05:58Z","timestamp":1678457158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A pan-sarbecovirus vaccine based on RBD of SARS-CoV-2 original strain elicits potent neutralizing antibodies against XBB in non-human primates"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7394-8084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zezhong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education\/National Health Commission\/Chinese Academy of Medical Science), Shanghai Institute of Infectious\u00a0Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical\u00a0Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education,\u00a0School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education\/National Health Commission\/Chinese Academy of Medical Science), Shanghai Institute of Infectious\u00a0Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical\u00a0Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinling","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education\/National Health Commission\/Chinese Academy of Medical Science), Shanghai Institute of Infectious\u00a0Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical\u00a0Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education\/National Health Commission\/Chinese Academy of Medical Science), Shanghai Institute of Infectious\u00a0Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical\u00a0Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zheng","family":"Teng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8127-5588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongyou","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangxu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education\/National Health Commission\/Chinese Academy of Medical Science), Shanghai Institute of Infectious\u00a0Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical\u00a0Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanzhou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education\/National Health Commission\/Chinese Academy of Medical Science), Shanghai Institute of Infectious\u00a0Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical\u00a0Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1968-871X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinghe","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education\/National Health Commission\/Chinese Academy of Medical Science), Shanghai Institute of Infectious\u00a0Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical\u00a0Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education\/National Health Commission\/Chinese Academy of Medical Science), Shanghai Institute of Infectious\u00a0Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical\u00a0Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shibo","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education\/National Health Commission\/Chinese Academy of Medical Science), Shanghai Institute of Infectious\u00a0Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical\u00a0Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2255-0391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (Ministry of Education\/National Health Commission\/Chinese Academy of Medical Science), Shanghai Institute of Infectious\u00a0Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical\u00a0Sciences, Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","first-page":"521","article-title":"Imprinted SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity induces convergent Omicron RBD evolution","volume":"614","author":"Cao 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Cao , Imprinted SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity induces convergent Omicron RBD evolution. Nature 614, 521\u2013529 (2023).","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111729"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02162-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00809-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-022-00612-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-022-00631-z"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2221713120","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T09:07:41Z","timestamp":1695287261000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2221713120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,14]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2221713120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2221713120","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.742563460.793598908","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-12-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-01-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-03-10","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2221713120"}}