{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T02:48:59Z","timestamp":1782787739214,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"30","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19H01002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19H01002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#23H02565"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#23H02565"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Pelvic morphology exhibits a particular sexual dimorphism in humans, which reflects obstetrical constraints due to the tight fit between neonates and mothers. Huseynov et al. [\n                    <jats:italic>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:bold>113<\/jats:bold>\n                    , 5227\u20135232 (2016)] showed that in humans, pelvic sexual dimorphism is greatest around the age of highest fertility, and it becomes less marked in association with menopause in females. They proposed that this reflects changes of obstetrical versus locomotor functional demands in females. It remains unknown whether such developmental adjustment of the pelvic morphology is unique to humans. Macaques exhibit human-like cephalopelvic proportions, but they lack menopause and usually maintain fertility throughout adulthood. Here, we track pelvic development in Japanese macaques from neonate to advanced ages using computed tomography-based data. We show that female pelvic morphology changes throughout adult life, reaching the obstetrically most favorable shape at advanced ages rather than around primiparity. We hypothesize that pelvic morphology in Japanese macaques is developmentally adjusted to childbirth at advanced ages, where obstetrical risks are potentially higher than at younger ages. Our data contribute to the growing evidence that the female primate pelvis changes its morphology during the whole lifespan, possibly adjusting for changing functional demands during adulthood.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2300714120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T15:12:34Z","timestamp":1689606754000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Pelvic shape change in adult Japanese macaques and implications for childbirth at old age"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8367-4777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Morimoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikaze","family":"Kawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuma","family":"Tomizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physical Anthropology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, 606-8502 Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3629-1658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akihisa","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, 484-8506 Inuyama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3800-2194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, 484-8506 Inuyama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/scientificamerican0960-62"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330350605"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2002.00010.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1205282109"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.2018.0040"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0118903"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1517085113"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23572"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.24398"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","unstructured":"M. K. Stoller The obstetric pelvis and mechanism of labor in nonhuman primates PhD thesis University of Chicago Chicago IL (1995)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2002112117"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsbl.2011.0214"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1420325112"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23556"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-020-00219-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8644(199908)109:4<455::AID-AJPA3>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026363206561"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.10723"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-06-0323"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2114935119"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23547"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.23548"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq4884"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911856107"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20371"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23690"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","volume-title":"Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data: Geometry and Biology","author":"Bookstein F.","year":"1991","unstructured":"F. Bookstein, Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data: Geometry and Biology (Camnridge University Press, Cambridge, 1991)."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2300714120","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T09:35:05Z","timestamp":1695288905000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2300714120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"30","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2300714120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2300714120","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2300714120"}}