{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T03:47:11Z","timestamp":1792727231623,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"25","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"UKRI | Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/J002631\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/J002631\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Chemical communication by females remains poorly understood, with most attention focused on female advertisement of sexual receptivity to males or mother\u2013offspring communication. However, in social species, scents are likely to be important for mediating competition and cooperation between females determining individual reproductive success. Here, we explore chemical signaling by female laboratory rats (\n                    <jats:italic>Rattus norvegicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) to test i) whether females target their deployment of scent information differentially according to their sexual receptivity and the genetic identity of both female and male conspecifics signaling in the local environment and ii) whether females are attracted to gain the same or different information from female scents compared to males. Consistent with targeting of scent information to colony members of similar genetic background, female rats increased scent marking in response to scents from females of the same strain. Females also suppressed scent marking in response to male scent from a genetically foreign strain while sexually receptive. Proteomic analysis of female scent deposits revealed a complex protein profile, contributed from several sources but dominated by clitoral gland secretion. In particular, female scent marks contained a series of clitoral-derived hydrolases and proteolytically truncated major urinary proteins (MUPs). Manipulated blends of clitoral secretion and urine from estrus females were strongly attractive to both sexes, while voided urine alone stimulated no interest. Our study reveals that information about female receptive status is shared between females as well as with males, while clitoral secretions containing a complex set of truncated MUPs and other proteins play a key role in female communication.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2300794120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T15:19:12Z","timestamp":1686583152000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Unraveling female communication through scent marks in the Norway rat"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3796-3874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guadalupe","family":"G\u00f3mez-Baena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kieran C.","family":"Pounder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mammalian Behaviour and Evolution Group, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Liverpool CH64 7TE, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josiah O.","family":"Halstead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mammalian Behaviour and Evolution Group, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Liverpool CH64 7TE, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mammalian Behaviour and Evolution Group, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Liverpool CH64 7TE, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda J.","family":"Davidson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mammalian Behaviour and Evolution Group, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Liverpool CH64 7TE, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Prescott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0857-495X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert J.","family":"Beynon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Proteome Research, Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane L.","family":"Hurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mammalian Behaviour and Evolution Group, Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Liverpool CH64 7TE, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2300794120","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T15:20:05Z","timestamp":1686583205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2300794120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"25","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2300794120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2300794120","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-01-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2300794120"}}