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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Stem cells are essential for the development and organ regeneration of multicellular organisms, so their infection by pathogenic viruses must be prevented. Accordingly, mammalian stem cells are highly resistant to viral infection due to dedicated antiviral pathways including RNA interference (RNAi). In plants, a small group of stem cells harbored within the shoot apical meristem generate all postembryonic above-ground tissues, including the germline cells. Many viruses do not proliferate in these cells, yet the molecular bases of this exclusion remain only partially understood. Here, we show that a plant-encoded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, after activation by the plant hormone salicylic acid, amplifies antiviral RNAi in infected tissues. This provides stem cells with RNA-based virus sequence information, which prevents virus proliferation. Furthermore, we find RNAi to be necessary for stem cell exclusion of several unrelated RNA viruses, despite their ability to efficiently suppress RNAi in the rest of the plant. This work elucidates a molecular pathway of great biological and economic relevance and lays the foundations for our future understanding of the unique systems underlying stem cell immunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2302069120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T13:35:40Z","timestamp":1697117740000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Salicylic acid and RNA interference mediate antiviral immunity of plant stem cells"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0677-8505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Incarbone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna 1030, Austria"},{"name":"Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam Science Park, Potsdam 14476, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7785-8131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Bradamante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna 1030, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7333-3410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Florian","family":"Pruckner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna 1030, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2269-3820","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Wegscheider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna 1030, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0659-0593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilfried","family":"Rozhon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, Ecotrophology, and Landscape Development, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburg 06406, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vu","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna 1030, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4746-7201","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben","family":"Gutzat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna 1030, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2048-1628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zsuzsanna","family":"M\u00e9rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna 1030, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lendl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna 1030, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6046-4400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stuart","family":"MacFarlane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Scotland DD25DA, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6204-8857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Nodine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen 6700 AP, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7757-4809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ortrun Mittelsten","family":"Scheid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna 1030, 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