{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T12:40:47Z","timestamp":1791117647488,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"24","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The ability to induce galls on plants has evolved independently in\n many insect orders, but the adaptive significance and evolutionary\n consequences of gall induction are still largely unknown. We studied\n these questions by analyzing the concentrations of various plant\n defense compounds in willow leaves and sawfly galls. We found that the\n galls are probably nutritionally beneficial for the sawfly larvae,\n because the concentrations of most defensive phenolics are\n substantially lower in gall interiors than in leaves. More importantly,\n changes in chemistry occur in a similar coordinated pattern in all\n studied willow species, which suggests that the insects control the\n phenolic biosynthesis in their hosts. The resulting convergence of the\n chemical properties of the galls both within and between host species\n indicates that the role of plant chemistry in the evolution of host\n shifts may be fundamentally less significant in gallers than in other\n phytophagous insects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.230294097","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:40:52Z","timestamp":1027680052000},"page":"13184-13187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":215,"title":["Manipulation of the phenolic chemistry of willows by gall-inducing sawflies"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Tommi","family":"Nyman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111,\r FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riitta","family":"Julkunen-Tiitto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Joensuu, P.O. Box 111,\r FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_1_2","volume-title":"Plant Galls and Gall Inducers","author":"Meyer J","year":"1987","unstructured":"J Meyer Plant Galls and Gall Inducers (Gebr\u00fcder Borntraeger, Berlin, 1987)."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"8","volume-title":"Biology of Insect-Induced Galls","author":"Dreger-Jauffret F","year":"1992","unstructured":"F Dreger-Jauffret, J D Shorthouse Biology of Insect-Induced Galls, eds J D Shorthouse, O Rohfritsch (Oxford Univ. 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