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This phenomenon could be mimicked in part by signaling either through CD40 to the antigen-presenting cells or through OX40 to the tumor-determinant reactive T cells, with maximal effects obtained by combined anti-CD40 and anti-OX40 treatment\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The data suggest that CD4 T cells reactive with a dominant determinant provide help to other CD4 T cells through up-regulating the costimulatory ability of antigen-presenting cells, in much the same way as help for CD8 cells. CD4 help for CD4 T cells represents a new immunological principle and offers new practical solutions for vaccine therapy against cancer and other diseases in which antigenic help is limiting.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.230429197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:41:48Z","timestamp":1027680108000},"page":"13269-13274","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Functional cooperation between T helper cell determinants"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Mara","family":"Gerloni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0368; and Divisions of Immuneregulation and Immunochemistry, The La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92121"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidong","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0368; and Divisions of Immuneregulation and Immunochemistry, The La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92121"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonjoy","family":"Mukerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0368; and Divisions of Immuneregulation and Immunochemistry, The La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92121"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen P.","family":"Schoenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0368; and Divisions of Immuneregulation and Immunochemistry, The La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92121"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Croft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0368; and Divisions of Immuneregulation and Immunochemistry, The La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92121"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Zanetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Medicine and Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0368; and Divisions of Immuneregulation and Immunochemistry, The La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92121"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830010104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1988.tb36325.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.11.040193.003501"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.57.030195.003135"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","first-page":"269","volume-title":"Tumor Immunology: Immunotherapy and Cancer Vaccines","author":"Graham R A","year":"1996","unstructured":"R A Graham, J Taylor-Papadimitriou Tumor Immunology: Immunotherapy and Cancer Vaccines, eds A G Dalgleish, M J Browning, K Sikova (Cambridge Univ. 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