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In this study, we show that the gram-negative opportunistic human pathogen\n                    <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which frequently causes infection alongside a plethora of other microbes including fungi, encodes a genetic network which can detect and defend against gliotoxin, a potent, disulfide-containing antimicrobial produced by the ubiquitous filamentous fungus\n                    <jats:italic>Aspergillus fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . We show that gliotoxin exposure disrupts\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    zinc homeostasis, leading to transcriptional activation of a gene encoding a previously uncharacterized dithiol oxidase (herein named as DnoP), which detoxifies gliotoxin and structurally related toxins. Despite sharing little homology to the\n                    <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    gliotoxin resistance protein (GliT), the enzymatic mechanism of DnoP from\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    appears to be identical that used by A. fumigatus. Thus, DnoP and its transcriptional induction by low zinc represent a rare example of both convergent evolution of toxin defense and environmental cue sensing across kingdoms. Collectively, these data provide compelling evidence that\n                    <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    has evolved to survive exposure to an\n                    <jats:italic>A. fumigatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    disulfide-containing toxin in the natural environment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2304382121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T13:17:56Z","timestamp":1722518276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Convergent evolution in toxin detection and resistance provides evidence for conserved bacterial\u2013fungal interactions"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7391-2137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen K.","family":"Dolan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute 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