{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T18:48:36Z","timestamp":1783104516521,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"30","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014227","name":"NASA Exoplanet Science Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNX16AK02G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNX16AK02G"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014227","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012627","name":"NASA | NASA Astrobiology Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["80NSSC18M0093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC18M0093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Of the six elements incorporated into the major polymers of life, phosphorus is the least abundant on a global scale [E. Anders, M. Ebihara,\n                    <jats:italic>Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta<\/jats:italic>\n                    46, 2363\u20132380 (1982)] and has been described as the \u201cultimate limiting nutrient\u201d [T. Tyrrell,\n                    <jats:italic>Nature<\/jats:italic>\n                    400, 525\u2013531 (1999)]. In the modern ocean, the supply of dissolved phosphorus is predominantly sustained by the oxidative remineralization\/recycling of organic phosphorus in seawater. However, in the Archean Eon (4 to 2.5 Ga), surface waters were anoxic and reducing. Here, we conducted photochemical experiments to test whether photodegradation of ubiquitous dissolved organic phosphorus could facilitate phosphorus recycling under the simulated Archean conditions. Our results strongly suggest that organic phosphorus compounds, which were produced by marine biota (e.g., adenosine monophosphate and phosphatidylserine) or delivered by meteorites (e.g., methyl phosphonate) can undergo rapid photodegradation and release inorganic phosphate into solution under anoxic conditions. Our experimental results and theoretical calculations indicate that photodegradation of organic phosphorus could have been a significant source of bioavailable phosphorus in the early ocean and would have fueled primary production during the Archean eon.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2307524120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T15:12:34Z","timestamp":1689606754000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Archean phosphorus recycling facilitated by ultraviolet radiation"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0478-794X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orion","family":"Farr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8066"},{"name":"Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (UMR 7325 CNRS), Aix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Campus de Luminy \u2013 Case 913, Marseille Cedex 09 13288, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3657-050X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jihua","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deep Space Exploration Laboratory\/Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China"},{"name":"Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8604-8264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Winnie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8066"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nolan","family":"Fehon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3737-604X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John R.","family":"Reinfelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8066"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2353-1969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul G.","family":"Falkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8066"},{"name":"Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(82)90208-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/22941"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature20772"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/417159a"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/387272a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069651"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-4669.2006.00082.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-4669.2008.00182.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06592"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. H. Schlesinger E. S. Bernhardt Biogeochemistry (Elsevier ed. 3 2013).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-385874-0.00001-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr0503613"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. C. Ruttenberg \u201cThe global phosphorus cycle\u201d in Treatise on Geochemistry (Elsevier Science ed. 2 2013).","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-095975-7.00813-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2014.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408418209113567"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/30881"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2014GB004904"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/98GB02263"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060409-093051"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. A. Kipp E. E. St\u00fceken Biomass recycling and Earth\u2019s early phosphorus cycle. Sci. Adv. 3 eaao4795 (2017). eaao4795","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aao4795"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2020.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/2017GB005832"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/757\/1\/95"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1562\/2005-11-09-IR-733"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2007.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1308958110"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ep.12272"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ep.12471"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(92)90023-C"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-405940-5.00005-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11084-007-9110-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(2002)030<0351:ACEE>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-019-1015-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/140195b0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1219875"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.78.091707.100215"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1130\/B31339.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2016.08.096"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-6535(94)00371-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c6pp00313c"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.9b00492"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsf.2017.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2019.2045"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-11834-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-022-01067-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. A. Pasek D. S. Lauretta Aqueous corrosion of phosphide minerals from iron meteorites: A highly reactive source of prebiotic phosphorus on the surface of the early Earth. Astrobiology 5 515\u2013535 (2005) 10.1089\/ast.2005.5.515.","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2005.5.515"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41561-020-0556-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2015.1422"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.13.7260"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-7-S2-S2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clay.2020.105824"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/384055a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19355"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. A. Bell P. Boehnke T. M. Harrison W. L. Mao Potentially biogenic carbon preserved in a 4.1 billion-year-old zircon. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 112 14518\u201314521 (2015) 10.1073\/pnas.1517557112.","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1517557112"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0967026201003456"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gbi.12323"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JG004679"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11084-015-9460-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-2927(99)00097-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotochem.2007.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(92)90346-K"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/PA002i004p00395"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2016.1519"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2015.0393"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.precamres.2011.10.009"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2307524120","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T09:28:54Z","timestamp":1695288534000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2307524120"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"30","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2307524120"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2307524120","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2307524120"}}