{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T22:29:04Z","timestamp":1787005744200,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"31","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"U.S. Department of Energy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-AC02- 05CH11231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-AC02- 05CH11231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Manipulating quantum states through light\u2013matter interactions has been actively pursued in two-dimensional materials research. Significant progress has been made toward the optical control of the valley degrees of freedom in semiconducting monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides, based on doubly degenerate excitons from their two distinct valleys in reciprocal space. Here, we introduce a type of optically controllable doubly degenerate exciton states that come from a single valley, dubbed as single-valley exciton doublet (SVXD) states. They are unique in that their constituent holes originate from the same valence band, making possible the direct optical control of the spin structure of the excited constituent electrons. Combining ab initio\n                    <jats:italic>GW<\/jats:italic>\n                    plus Bethe\u2013Salpeter equation (\n                    <jats:italic>GW<\/jats:italic>\n                    -BSE) calculations and a theoretical analysis method, we demonstrate such SVXD in substrate-supported monolayer bismuthene\u2014which has been successfully grown using molecular beam epitaxy. In each of the two distinct valleys in the Brillouin zone, strong spin\u2013orbit coupling and\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:msub>\n                          <mml:mi>C<\/mml:mi>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mn>3<\/mml:mn>\n                            <mml:mi>v<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <\/mml:msub>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    symmetry lead to a pair of degenerate 1s exciton states (the SVXD states) with opposite spin configurations. Any coherent linear combinations of the SVXD in a single valley can be excited by light with a specific polarization, enabling full manipulation of their internal spin configurations. In particular, a controllable net spin magnetization can be generated through light excitation. Our findings open routes to control quantum degrees of freedom, paving the way for applications in spintronics and quantum information science.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2307611120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,25]],"date-time":"2023-07-25T14:00:03Z","timestamp":1690293603000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Optically controlled single-valley exciton doublet states with tunable internal spin structures and spin magnetization generation"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Jiawei","family":"Ruan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720"},{"name":"Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenglu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720"},{"name":"Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chin Shen","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720"},{"name":"Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0622-0170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven G.","family":"Louie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720"},{"name":"Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley 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