{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T11:09:58Z","timestamp":1791284998011,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20J00660"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20J00660"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"MEXT | Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K15168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K15168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Fossils encompassing multiple individuals provide rare direct evidence of behavioral interactions among extinct organisms. However, the fossilization process can alter the spatial relationship between individuals and hinder behavioral reconstruction. Here, we report a Baltic amber inclusion preserving a female\u2013male pair of the extinct termite species\n                    <jats:italic>Electrotermes affinis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The head-to-abdomen contact in the fossilized pair resembles the tandem courtship behavior of extant termites, although their parallel body alignment differs from the linear alignment typical of tandem runs. To solve this inconsistency, we simulated the first stage of amber formation, the immobilization of captured organisms, by exposing living termite tandems to sticky surfaces. We found that the posture of the fossilized pair matches trapped tandems and differs from untrapped tandems. Thus, the fossilized pair likely is a tandem running pair, representing the direct evidence of the mating behavior of extinct termites. Furthermore, by comparing the postures of partners on a sticky surface and in the amber inclusion, we estimated that the male likely performed the leader role in the fossilized tandem. Our results demonstrate that past behavioral interactions can be reconstructed despite the spatial distortion of body poses during fossilization. Our taphonomic approach demonstrates how certain behaviors can be inferred from fossil occurrences.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2308922121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T13:46:50Z","timestamp":1709646410000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Extinct and extant termites reveal the fidelity of behavior fossilization in amber"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6731-8684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Mizumoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan"},{"name":"Computational Neuroethology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1266-9134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"Hellemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Engel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Invertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024-5192"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bourguignon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ale\u0161","family":"Bu\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evolutionary Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, \u010cesk\u00e9 Bud\u011bjovice CZ-37005, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2018.04.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1733"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.129411"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsfs.2012.0025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0711437105"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2019.0891"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51012-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1162794"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","volume-title":"Evolutionary Paleobiology of Behaviour and Coevolution","author":"Boucot A.","year":"1996","unstructured":"A. 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