{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T12:24:35Z","timestamp":1789043075436,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR073665"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR073665"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR069502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR069502"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006492","name":"HHS | NIH | NIAID | Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AI146177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AI146177"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012331","name":"LEO Fondet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LF-OC-22-000953"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LF-OC-22-000953"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012331","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    skin colonization and eosinophil infiltration are associated with many inflammatory skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis, bullous pemphigoid, Netherton\u2019s syndrome, and prurigo nodularis. However, whether there is a relationship between\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and eosinophils and how this interaction influences skin inflammation is largely undefined. We show in a preclinical mouse model that\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    epicutaneous exposure induced eosinophil-recruiting chemokines and eosinophil infiltration into the skin. Remarkably, we found that eosinophils had a comparable contribution to the skin inflammation as T cells, in a manner dependent on eosinophil-derived IL-17A and IL-17F production. Importantly, IL-36R signaling induced CCL7-mediated eosinophil recruitment to the inflamed skin. Last,\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    proteases induced IL-36\u03b1 expression in keratinocytes, which promoted infiltration of IL-17-producing eosinophils. Collectively, we uncovered a mechanism for\n                    <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    proteases to trigger eosinophil-mediated skin inflammation, which has implications in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2309243121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T13:30:15Z","timestamp":1706621415000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["<i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>\n                    proteases trigger eosinophil-mediated skin inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8213-3621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabrina N.","family":"Kline","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3999-4845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Orlando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1825-2439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2303-0563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meng-Jen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4533-6461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Youn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1328-6090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laine E.","family":"Feller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Pontaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1716-1479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dustin","family":"Dikeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9540-6171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathachit","family":"Limjunyawong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Research Excellence in Allergy and Immunology, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8768-0488","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaitlin L.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Cihakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2956-753X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott K.","family":"Durum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Frederick, MD 21702"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6547-9695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis A.","family":"Garza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinzhong","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HHMI, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205"},{"name":"Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8212-8985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan K.","family":"Archer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0147-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/718708"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aat8329"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24087675"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2022.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.08.438"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2008.02958.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9095275"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-015-8525-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.MCHD-0020-2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2001.04456.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1398-9995.2003.00382.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.03.1517"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2581"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2020.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2016.10.045"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/75977"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004030000142"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1993.01680280049009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI143334"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1311668110"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022008234"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0001-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.08.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1818256116"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab194"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.05.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-09207-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V78.10.2702.2702"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","first-page":"1307","article-title":"The eosinophil as a cellular source of transforming growth factor alpha in healing cutaneous wounds","volume":"138","author":"Todd R.","year":"1991","unstructured":"R. Todd , The eosinophil as a cellular source of transforming growth factor alpha in healing cutaneous wounds. Am. J. Pathol. 138, 1307\u20131313 (1991).","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09122454"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.12709"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.08.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169353","article-title":"Role of interleukin-17A on the chemotactic responses to CCL7 in a murine allergic rhinitis model","volume":"12","author":"Zhang Y. L.","year":"2017","unstructured":"Y. L. Zhang, D. H. Han, D. Y. Kim, C. H. Lee, C. S. Rhee, Role of interleukin-17A on the chemotactic responses to CCL7 in a murine allergic rhinitis model. PLoS One 12, e0169353 (2017).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","first-page":"586","article-title":"Dermal fibroblasts from acute inflamed atopic dermatitis lesions display increased eotaxin\/CCL11 responsiveness to interleukin-4 stimulation","volume":"164","author":"Gahr N.","year":"2011","unstructured":"N. Gahr , Dermal fibroblasts from acute inflamed atopic dermatitis lesions display increased eotaxin\/CCL11 responsiveness to interleukin-4 stimulation. Br. J. Dermatol. 164, 586\u2013592 (2011).","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43588-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2005.00791.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","first-page":"e1211","article-title":"Lack of effect of benralizumab on signs and symptoms of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: Results from the phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled HILLIER trial","volume":"37","author":"Guttman-Yassky E.","year":"2023","unstructured":"E. Guttman-Yassky , Lack of effect of benralizumab on signs and symptoms of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: Results from the phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled HILLIER trial. J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol. 37, e1211\u2013e1214 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-021-00619-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.21.177"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.13950"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.95"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2018.03.1509"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2018.00453"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.1019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13803"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2018.10.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.04.055"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18727"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14791"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2019.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13143"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20070157"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1831452100"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.04.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.60609"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2023.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108515"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-010-1049-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/laban.1222"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00335-021-09866-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2016.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.6.4004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28655-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0213089"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-021-00266-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00537-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059232"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12943"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.12.2143"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12655"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_2","unstructured":"S. Nolan A. J. Lee N. Orlando N. Archer Atopic dermatitis-like epicutaneous infection with S. aureus in WT and eosinophil KO mice. Gene Expression Omnibus. Available at https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/geo\/query\/acc.cgi?acc=GSE216246. Deposited 20 October 2022."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2309243121","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]],"date-time":"2024-01-30T13:30:43Z","timestamp":1706621443000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2309243121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2309243121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2309243121","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-06-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-30","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2309243121"}}