{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T08:30:38Z","timestamp":1793089838911,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"HHS | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R03HD101859"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R03HD101859"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Climate change is expected to undermine population health and well-being in low- and middle-income countries, but relatively few analyses have directly examined these effects using individual-level data at global scales, particularly for reproductive-age women. To address this lacuna, we harmonize nationally representative data from the Demographic and Health Surveys on reproductive health, body mass index (BMI), and temporary migration from 2.5 million adult women (ages 15 to 49) in approximately 109,000 sites across 59 low- and middle-income countries, which we link to high-resolution climate data. We use this linked dataset to estimate fixed-effect logistic regression models of demographic and health outcomes as a function of climate exposures, woman-level and site-level characteristics, seasonality, and regional time trends, allowing us to plausibly isolate climate effects from other influences on health and migration. Specifically, we measure the effects of recent exposures to temperature and precipitation anomalies on the likelihood of having a live birth in the past year, desire for another child, use of modern contraception, underweight (BMI &lt; 18.5), and temporary migration, and subsequently allow for nonlinearity as well as heterogeneity across education, rural\/urban residence, and baseline climate. This analysis reveals that exposures to high temperatures increase live births, reduce desire for another child, increase underweight, and increase temporary migration, particularly in rural areas. The findings represent clear evidence that anthropogenic temperature increases contribute to temporary migration and are a significant threat to women\u2019s health and reproductive autonomy in low- and middle-income countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2311567121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T13:46:23Z","timestamp":1709646383000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Temperature anomalies undermine the health of reproductive-age women in low- and middle-income countries"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Clark","family":"Gray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geography and Environment, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6343-4071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian C.","family":"Thiede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Economics, Sociology, and Education, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","volume-title":"Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"IPCC","year":"2022","unstructured":"IPCC, \"Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability\" in Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, H.-O. P\u00f6rtner , Eds. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, 2022), 3056 p., doi:10.1017\/9781009325844."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate3297"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ab35a6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-022-01492-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2119409120"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/abeb9f"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qje\/qjac020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-021-01058-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-020-0898-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2019.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate3318"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2016.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-019-02560-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad9837"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeem.2022.102698"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2020.102192"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74942-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2021.102414"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1905228116"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2021.105485"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11111-020-00342-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-021-03273-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.worlddev.2019.104704"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-023-15264-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2016.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloenvcha.2020.102183"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/padr.12482"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2305427120"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01156-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","unstructured":"E. H. Boyle M. King M. Sobek IPUMS Demographic and Health Surveys. Version 8 [dataset] (IPUMS and ICF Minneapolis MN 2020) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18128\/D080.V8. Accessed 7 July 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","unstructured":"A. Dillon G. Carletto S. Gourlay P. Wollburg A. Zezza Agricultural Survey Design: Lessons from the LSMS-ISA and Beyond. World Bank LSMS Guidebook (2021). http:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/curated\/en\/570941632979626559\/Agricultural-Survey-Design-Lessons-from-the-LSMS-ISA-and-Beyond."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","unstructured":"IPUMS Integrated Public Use Microdata Series International: Version 7.3 [dataset] (Minnesota Population Center Minneapolis MN 2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18128\/D020.V7.3."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","unstructured":"S. M. Manson T. A. Kugler J. Schroeder D. Van Riper S. Ruggles IPUMS International Historical Geographic Information System: Version 2 [dataset] (IPUMS Minneapolis MN 2020) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18128\/D120.V2. Accessed 7 July 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys081"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","unstructured":"ICF The DHS Program website. Funded by USAID (2023). http:\/\/www.dhsprogram.com. Accessed 7 July 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-020-0453-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-017-1914-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-015-1592-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11111-016-0255-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","unstructured":"Global Administrative Areas GADM database of Global Administrative Areas Version 3.6. [dataset] (2018). https:\/\/www.gadm.org. Accessed 27 July 2023."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2311567121","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T13:47:49Z","timestamp":1709646469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2311567121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2311567121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2311567121","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-05","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2311567121"}}