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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron strain has evolved into highly divergent variants with several sub-lineages. These newly emerging variants threaten the efficacy of available COVID-19 vaccines. To mitigate the occurrence of breakthrough infections and re-infections, and more importantly, to reduce the disease burden, it is essential to develop a strategy for producing updated multivalent vaccines that can provide broad neutralization against both currently circulating and emerging variants. We developed bivalent vaccine AdCLD-CoV19-1 BA.5\/BA.2.75 and trivalent vaccines AdCLD-CoV19-1 XBB\/BN.1\/BQ.1.1 and AdCLD-CoV19-1 XBB.1.5\/BN.1\/BQ.1.1 using an Ad5\/35 platform-based non-replicating recombinant adenoviral vector. We compared immune responses elicited by the monovalent and multivalent vaccines in mice and macaques. We found that the BA.5\/BA.2.75 bivalent and the XBB\/BN.1\/BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5\/BN.1\/BQ.1.1 trivalent vaccines exhibited improved cross-neutralization ability compared to their respective monovalent vaccines. These data suggest that the developed multivalent vaccines enhance immunity against circulating Omicron subvariants and effectively elicit neutralizing antibodies across a broad spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 variants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2313681121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T15:00:36Z","timestamp":1708959636000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Strategy to develop broadly effective multivalent COVID-19 vaccines against emerging variants based on Ad5\/35 platform"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1961-6687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soojeong","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research &amp; Development Center, Cellid Co., Ltd., Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0819-3529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwang-Soo","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research &amp; 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