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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Wing dimorphism of insect vectors is a determining factor for viral long-distance dispersal and large-area epidemics. Although plant viruses affect the wing plasticity of insect vectors, the potential underlying molecular mechanisms have seldom been investigated. Here, we found that a planthopper-vectored rice virus, rice stripe virus (RSV), specifically induces a long-winged morph in male insects. The analysis of field populations demonstrated that the long-winged ratios of male insects are closely associated with RSV infection regardless of viral titers. A planthopper-specific and testis-highly expressed gene,\n                    <jats:italic>Encounter<\/jats:italic>\n                    , was fortuitously found to play a key role in the RSV-induced long-winged morph. Encounter resembles malate dehydrogenase in the sequence, but it does not have corresponding enzymatic activity.\n                    <jats:italic>Encounter<\/jats:italic>\n                    is upregulated to affect male wing dimorphism at early larval stages.\n                    <jats:italic>Encounter<\/jats:italic>\n                    is closely connected with the insulin\/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway as a downstream factor of\n                    <jats:italic>Akt<\/jats:italic>\n                    , of which the transcriptional level is activated in response to RSV infection, resulting in the elevated expression of\n                    <jats:italic>Encounter<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In addition, an RSV-derived small interfering RNA directly targets\n                    <jats:italic>Encounter<\/jats:italic>\n                    to enhance its expression. Our study reveals an unreported mechanism underlying the direct regulation by a plant virus of wing dimorphism in its insect vectors, providing the potential way for interrupting viral dispersal.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2315341121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T15:17:28Z","timestamp":1704727048000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["A plant virus manipulates the long-winged morph of insect vectors"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Jinting","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, 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