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U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human fetuses at term are large relative to the dimensions of the maternal birth canal, implying that their birth can be associated with difficulties. The tight passage through the human birth canal can lead to devastating outcomes if birth becomes obstructed, including maternal and fetal death. Although macaques have to accommodate similarly large fetuses, relative to their maternal birth canals, it was not known whether macaque mothers face birth difficulties similar to humans. Based on 27 y of demographic data from a semi-free-ranging, closely monitored population of Japanese macaques (\n                    <jats:italic>Macaca fuscata<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), we found no birth-associated mortality in macaques. This differs from the situation in many human populations. We suggest three nonmutually exclusive hypotheses to explain these observations. i) The macaque fetal skull is similarly flexible as the human fetal skull. ii) The macaque pelvis and connective tissue show greater flexibility during birth. iii) The interplay between macaque pelvic shape and birth dynamics is smoother and incurs fewer complications than in humans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2316189121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T15:04:33Z","timestamp":1728313473000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["No birth-associated maternal mortality in Japanese macaques (\n                    <i>Macaca fuscata<\/i>\n                    ) despite giving birth to large-headed neonates"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0381-8142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina E.","family":"Pink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Obstetrics and Feto-Maternal Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria"},{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4492-8906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Biology, Unit for Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria"},{"name":"Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research, Klosterneuburg A-3400, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2115-7923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael A.","family":"Huffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Research Center, Kyoto University, Inuyama 606-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takako","family":"Miyabe-Nishiwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama 484-8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0646-4742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoko","family":"Suda-Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama 484-8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3629-1658","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akihisa","family":"Kaneko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama 484-8506, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernard","family":"Wallner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria"},{"name":"Austrian Research Center for Primatology, Ossiach A-9570, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4494-4970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena S.","family":"Pfl\u00fcger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1030, Austria"},{"name":"Austrian Research Center for Primatology, Ossiach A-9570, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.23227"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2002.00010.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330070307"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-4148-2_7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2300714120"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0940-9602(04)80082-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2002112117"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.23504"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","first-page":"374","article-title":"A radiographic comparison of the male and female pelvis","volume":"74","author":"Young M.","year":"1940","unstructured":"M. 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