{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T23:04:13Z","timestamp":1784415853519,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31821001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31821001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32100329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32100329"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018527","name":"CAS | BFSE | Key Research Program of Frontier Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XDB31000000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB31000000"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018527","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012492","name":"CAS | Youth Innovation Promotion Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Y202026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y202026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012492","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Brown-and-white giant pandas (hereafter brown pandas) are distinct coat color mutants found exclusively in the Qinling Mountains, Shaanxi, China. However, its genetic mechanism has remained unclear since their discovery in 1985. Here, we identified the genetic basis for this coat color variation using a combination of field ecological data, population genomic data, and a CRISPR\u2013Cas9 knockout mouse model. We de novo assembled a long-read-based giant panda genome and resequenced the genomes of 35 giant pandas, including two brown pandas and two family trios associated with a brown panda. We identified a homozygous 25-bp deletion in the first exon of\n                    <jats:italic>Bace2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a gene encoding amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme, as the most likely genetic basis for brown-and-white coat color. This deletion was further validated using PCR and Sanger sequencing of another 192 black giant pandas and CRISPR-Cas9 edited knockout mice. Our investigation revealed that this mutation reduced the number and size of melanosomes of the hairs in knockout mice and possibly in the brown panda, further leading to the hypopigmentation. These findings provide unique insights into the genetic basis of coat color variation in wild animals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2317430121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T15:12:57Z","timestamp":1709565177000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Taking a color photo: A homozygous 25-bp deletion in\n                    <i>Bace2<\/i>\n                    may cause brown-and-white coat color in giant pandas"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Dengfeng","family":"Guan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengpeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi (Louguantai) Rescue and Breeding Center for Rare Wildlife, Xi\u2019an 710402, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7554-979X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yonggang","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1240-8842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenliang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghu","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi (Louguantai) Rescue and Breeding Center for Rare Wildlife, Xi\u2019an 710402, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3409-3164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yibo","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5233-1288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fuwen","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China"},{"name":"Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China"},{"name":"Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, 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Guan Taking a color photo: A homozygous 25-bp deletion in Bace2 may cause brown-and-white coat color in giant pandas. National Genomics Data Center China. https:\/\/ngdc.cncb.ac.cn\/bioproject\/browse\/PRJCA013191. Deposited 14 November 2022."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2317430121","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T15:13:58Z","timestamp":1709565238000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2317430121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2317430121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2317430121","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2317430121"}}