{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T09:47:16Z","timestamp":1788256036536,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"25","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BU1443\/14-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BU1443\/14-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BU1443\/14-1ad"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BU1443\/14-1ad"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Animals from all major clades have evolved a segmented trunk, reflected in the human spine or the insect segments. These units emerge during embryogenesis from a posterior segment addition zone (SAZ), where repetitive gene activity is regulated by a mechanism described by the clock and wavefront\/speed gradient model. In the red flour beetle\n                    <jats:italic>Tribolium castaneum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , RNA interference (RNAi) has been used to continuously knock down the function of primary pair-rule genes (pPRGs), caudal or Wnt pathway components, which has led to the complete breakdown of segmentation. However, it has remained untested, if this breakdown was reversible by bringing the missing gene function back to the system. To fill this gap, we established a transgenic system in\n                    <jats:italic>T. castaneum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which allows blocking an ongoing RNAi effect with temporal control by expressing a viral inhibitor of RNAi via heat shock. We show that the\n                    <jats:italic>T. castaneum<\/jats:italic>\n                    segmentation machinery was able to reestablish after RNAi targeting the pPRGs\n                    <jats:italic>Tc-eve, Tc-odd,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Tc-runt<\/jats:italic>\n                    was blocked. However, we observed no rescue after blocking RNAi targeting Wnt pathway components. We conclude that the insect segmentation system contains both robust feedback loops that can reestablish and labile feedback loops that break down irreversibly. This combination may reconcile conflicting needs of the system: Labile systems controlling initiation and maintenance of the SAZ ensure that only one SAZ is formed. Robust feedback loops confer developmental robustness toward external disturbances.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2318229121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T12:46:56Z","timestamp":1718196416000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Temporal control of RNAi reveals both robust and labile feedback loops in the segmentation clock of the red flour beetle"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1402-2628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Kaufholz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"G\u00f6ttingen Graduate School for Neurosciences, Biophysics, and Molecular Biosciences, G\u00f6ttingen 37077, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, University of G\u00f6ttingen, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute, G\u00f6ttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, G\u00f6ttingen 37077, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Ulrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, University of G\u00f6ttingen, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute, G\u00f6ttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, G\u00f6ttingen 37077, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Salim","family":"Hakeemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, University of G\u00f6ttingen, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute, G\u00f6ttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, G\u00f6ttingen 37077, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4615-6401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregor","family":"Bucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, University of G\u00f6ttingen, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute, G\u00f6ttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences, G\u00f6ttingen 37077, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.170480"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.47.091201.145251"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2004.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1009812"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)00666-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/287795a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90466-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0510440103"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2002439"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.085126"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1218256"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.063735"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80451-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","first-page":"E8646","article-title":"Speed regulation of genetic cascades allows for evolvability in the body plan specification of insects","volume":"128","author":"Zhu X.","year":"2017","unstructured":"X. Zhu , Speed regulation of genetic cascades allows for evolvability in the body plan specification of insects. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 128, E8646\u2013E8655 (2017).","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2019.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1716512115"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.063644"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.112797"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","first-page":"2455","article-title":"The Wnt and Delta-Notch signalling pathways interact to direct pair-rule gene expression via caudal during segment addition in the spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum","volume":"143","author":"Sch\u00f6nauer A.","year":"2016","unstructured":"A. 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