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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Neural oscillations reflect fluctuations in excitability, which biases the percept of ambiguous sensory input. Why this bias occurs is still not fully understood. We hypothesized that neural populations representing likely events are more sensitive, and thereby become active on earlier oscillatory phases, when the ensemble itself is less excitable. Perception of ambiguous input presented during less-excitable phases should therefore be biased toward frequent or predictable stimuli that have lower activation thresholds. Here, we show such a frequency bias in spoken word recognition using psychophysics, magnetoencephalography (MEG), and computational modelling. With MEG, we found a double dissociation, where the phase of oscillations in the superior temporal gyrus and medial temporal gyrus biased word-identification behavior based on phoneme and lexical frequencies, respectively. 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Ten Oever L. Titone N. te Rietmolen A. E. Martin Word perception and oscillatory phase. Radboud Data. 10.34973\/f4am-rd20. 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