{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T18:46:44Z","timestamp":1793126804774,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"23","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Homologues of the Musashi family of RNA-binding proteins are evolutionarily conserved across species. In mammals, two members of this family, Musashi1 (Msi1) and Musashi2 (Msi2), are strongly coexpressed in neural precursor cells, including CNS stem cells. To address the\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    roles of\n                    <jats:italic>msi<\/jats:italic>\n                    in neural development, we generated mice with a targeted disruption of the gene encoding Msi1. Homozygous newborn mice frequently developed obstructive hydrocephalus with aberrant proliferation of ependymal cells in a restricted area surrounding the Sylvius aqueduct. These observations indicate a vital role for\n                    <jats:italic>msi1<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the normal development of this subpopulation of ependymal cells, which has been speculated to be a source of postnatal CNS stem cells. On the other hand, histological examination and an\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    neurosphere assay showed that neither the embryonic CNS development nor the self-renewal activity of CNS stem cells in embryonic forebrains appeared to be affected by the disruption of\n                    <jats:italic>msi1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , but the diversity of the cell types produced by the stem cells was moderately reduced by the\n                    <jats:italic>msi1<\/jats:italic>\n                    deficiency. Therefore, we performed antisense ablation experiments to target both\n                    <jats:italic>msi1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>msi2<\/jats:italic>\n                    in embryonic neural precursor cells. Administration of the antisense peptide-nucleotides, which were designed to specifically down-regulate\n                    <jats:italic>msi2<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression, to\n                    <jats:italic>msi1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    CNS stem cell cultures drastically suppressed the formation of neurospheres in a dose-dependent manner. Antisense-treated\n                    <jats:italic>msi1<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    CNS stem cells showed a reduced proliferative activity. These data suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>msi1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>msi2<\/jats:italic>\n                    are cooperatively involved in the proliferation and maintenance of CNS stem cell populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.232087499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,12]],"date-time":"2002-11-12T13:44:20Z","timestamp":1037108660000},"page":"15194-15199","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":315,"title":["RNA-binding protein Musashi family: Roles for CNS stem cells and a subpopulation of ependymal cells revealed by targeted disruption and antisense ablation"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Shin-ichi","family":"Sakakibara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Tokyo 170-8455, Japan; and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Tokyo 170-8455, Japan; and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsu","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Tokyo 170-8455, Japan; and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinsuke","family":"Shibata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Tokyo 170-8455, Japan; and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Koike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Tokyo 170-8455, Japan; and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Takano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Tokyo 170-8455, Japan; and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuichi","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Tokyo 170-8455, Japan; and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Uchiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Tokyo 170-8455, Japan; and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuo","family":"Noda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Tokyo 170-8455, Japan; and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideyuki","family":"Okano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan; Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama 332-0012, Japan; Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Tokyo 170-8455, Japan; and..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4388(99)80017-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1996.0130"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-21-08300.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-20-08091.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0901-843"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.115.7.1355"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-01-00283.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903360411"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/9.6.879"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199802000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.12.8.1092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7696(08)62038-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1996.0090"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/26.21.4910"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80956-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(00)80783-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6603(08)60510-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80279-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.21.11925"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"1347","volume":"26","author":"Gaiano N.","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gaiano N. & Fishell, G. (2000) Soc. Neurosci. Abstr.26,1347.","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci. 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