{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T12:49:09Z","timestamp":1789735749052,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"25","content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,12,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Although lipid peroxidation in the subendothelial space has been\n hypothesized to play a central role in atherogenesis, the role of\n vitamin E in preventing lipid peroxidation and lesion development\n remains uncertain. Here we show that in atherosclerosis-susceptible\n apolipoprotein E knockout mice, vitamin E deficiency caused by\n disruption of the \u03b1-tocopherol transfer protein gene\n (\n                    <jats:italic>Ttpa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) increased the severity of atherosclerotic lesions\n in the proximal aorta. The increase was associated with increased\n levels of isoprostanes, a marker of lipid peroxidation, in aortic\n tissue. These results show that vitamin E deficiency promotes\n atherosclerosis in a susceptible setting and support the hypothesis\n that lipid peroxidation contributes to lesion development.\n                    <jats:italic>Ttpa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice are a genetic model of\n vitamin E deficiency and should be valuable for studying other diseases\n in which oxidative stress is thought to play a role.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.240462697","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,26]],"date-time":"2002-07-26T10:36:44Z","timestamp":1027679804000},"page":"13830-13834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":199,"title":["Increased atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic mice deficient in \u03b1-tocopherol transfer protein and vitamin E"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"Yuko","family":"Terasawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, P. O. Box\r 419100, San Francisco, CA 94141-9100; Departments of\r Nutritional Sciences and Molecular and\r Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;\r Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of\r Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110;\r Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University,\r Corvallis, OR 97331; Department of Internal Medicine,\r University of California Medical Center, Davis, CA 95810; and\r..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuleika","family":"Ladha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, P. O. Box\r 419100, San Francisco, CA 94141-9100; Departments of\r Nutritional Sciences and Molecular and\r Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;\r Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of\r Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110;\r Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University,\r Corvallis, OR 97331; Department of Internal Medicine,\r University of California Medical Center, Davis, CA 95810; and\r..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott W.","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, P. O. Box\r 419100, San Francisco, CA 94141-9100; Departments of\r Nutritional Sciences and Molecular and\r Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;\r Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of\r Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110;\r Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University,\r Corvallis, OR 97331; Department of Internal Medicine,\r University of California Medical Center, Davis, CA 95810; and\r..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason D.","family":"Morrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, P. O. Box\r 419100, San Francisco, CA 94141-9100; Departments of\r Nutritional Sciences and Molecular and\r Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;\r Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of\r Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110;\r Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University,\r Corvallis, OR 97331; Department of Internal Medicine,\r University of California Medical Center, Davis, CA 95810; and\r..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale","family":"Newland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, P. O. Box\r 419100, San Francisco, CA 94141-9100; Departments of\r Nutritional Sciences and Molecular and\r Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;\r Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of\r Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110;\r Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University,\r Corvallis, OR 97331; Department of Internal Medicine,\r University of California Medical Center, Davis, CA 95810; and\r..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Sanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, P. O. Box\r 419100, San Francisco, CA 94141-9100; Departments of\r Nutritional Sciences and Molecular and\r Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;\r Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of\r Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110;\r Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University,\r Corvallis, OR 97331; Department of Internal Medicine,\r University of California Medical Center, Davis, CA 95810; and\r..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lester","family":"Packer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, P. O. Box\r 419100, San Francisco, CA 94141-9100; Departments of\r Nutritional Sciences and Molecular and\r Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;\r Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of\r Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110;\r Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University,\r Corvallis, OR 97331; Department of Internal Medicine,\r University of California Medical Center, Davis, CA 95810; and\r..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maret G.","family":"Traber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, P. O. Box\r 419100, San Francisco, CA 94141-9100; Departments of\r Nutritional Sciences and Molecular and\r Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;\r Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of\r Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110;\r Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University,\r Corvallis, OR 97331; Department of Internal Medicine,\r University of California Medical Center, Davis, CA 95810; and\r..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Robert V.","family":"Farese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, P. O. Box\r 419100, San Francisco, CA 94141-9100; Departments of\r Nutritional Sciences and Molecular and\r Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720;\r Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of\r Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94110;\r Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University,\r Corvallis, OR 97331; Department of Internal Medicine,\r University of California Medical Center, Davis, CA 95810; and\r..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2000,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198901053200122"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.4.1062"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.9.977"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200001203420302"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/128.10.1593"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.9.965"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/2685"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.6.1470"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-103-25429"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/67.4.669"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(77)90192-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.nutr.19.1.343"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)46761-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3060437"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.23.12437"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"548","volume":"111","author":"Sokol 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