{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T01:56:35Z","timestamp":1793325395977,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"25","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"MOST | National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32072070 and 32372113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072070 and 32372113"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key R&D Program of Shandong Province, China","award":["2021LZGC022 and 2023LZGC003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021LZGC022 and 2023LZGC003"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Zhongnong Tiantai Seeds Co., Ltd","award":["1200020002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1200020002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)\u2013associated degradation (ERAD) plays key roles in controlling protein levels and quality in eukaryotes. The Ring Finger Protein 185 (RNF185)\/membralin ubiquitin ligase complex was recently identified as a branch in mammals and is essential for neuronal function, but its function in plant development is unknown. Here, we report the map-based cloning and characterization of\n                    <jats:italic>Narrow Leaf and Dwarfism 1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>NLD1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), which encodes the ER membrane\u2013localized protein membralin and specifically interacts with maize homologs of RNF185 and related components. The\n                    <jats:italic>nld1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutant shows defective leaf and root development due to reduced cell number. The defects of\n                    <jats:italic>nld1<\/jats:italic>\n                    were largely restored by expressing membralin genes from\n                    <jats:italic>Arabidopsis thaliana<\/jats:italic>\n                    and mice, highlighting the conserved roles of membralin proteins in animals and plants. The excessive accumulation of \u03b2-hydroxy \u03b2-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase in\n                    <jats:italic>nld1<\/jats:italic>\n                    indicates that the enzyme is a membralin-mediated ERAD target. The activation of\n                    <jats:italic>bZIP60<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA splicing\u2013related unfolded protein response signaling and marker gene expression in\n                    <jats:italic>nld1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , as well as DNA fragment and cell viability assays, indicate that membralin deficiency induces ER stress and cell death in maize, thereby affecting organogenesis. Our findings uncover the conserved, indispensable role of the membralin-mediated branch of the ERAD pathway in plants. In addition,\n                    <jats:italic>ZmNLD1<\/jats:italic>\n                    contributes to plant architecture in a dose-dependent manner, which can serve as a potential target for genetic engineering to shape ideal plant architecture, thereby enhancing high-density maize yields.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2406090121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T12:46:56Z","timestamp":1718196416000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Membralin is required for maize development and defines a branch of the endoplasmic reticulum\u2013associated degradation pathway in plants"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9802-0916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Baiyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3975-0389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maize Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2869-582X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaohua","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maize Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4902-8800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donghua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6809-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangyu","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6077-9138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4343-5835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kewei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and 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