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The resulting regional carbon debt estimates inform i) the scale and pace of regional carbon drawdown obligations necessary to address budget exceedance and ii) relative regional responsibilities for increased lifetime exposure to extreme heatwaves across age cohorts due to budget exceedance. Our work strengthens intergenerational equity considerations within an international climate equity discourse and informs the implementation of effort-sharing mechanisms that persist beyond the exhaustion of a rapidly dwindling remaining carbon budget.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2409316122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,24]],"date-time":"2025-03-24T15:13:45Z","timestamp":1742829225000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Using net-zero carbon debt to track climate overshoot responsibility"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3528-8679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Setu","family":"Pelz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Energy Climate and Environment Program","place":["Laxenburg, Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6638-4076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gaurav","family":"Ganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Energy Climate and Environment Program","place":["Laxenburg, Austria"]},{"name":"Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Climate Economics and Policy - 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