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Our findings show that PR8 NS1 binds to p85\u03b2 with approximately 10-fold greater affinity than 1918 NS1 due to allosteric mutational effects, which are further tuned by epistasis. NMR chemical shift perturbation and methyl-axis order parameter analyses revealed that the mutations induced long-range structural and dynamic changes in PR8 NS1, relative to 1918 NS1, enhancing its affinity to p85\u03b2. Complementary molecular dynamics simulations and graph theory-based network analysis for conformational dynamics on the submicrosecond timescales uncover how these mutations rewire the dynamic network, which underlies the allosteric epistasis. Significantly, we find that conformational dynamics of residues with high betweenness centrality play a crucial role in communications between network communities and are highly conserved across influenza A virus evolution. These findings advance our mechanistic understanding of the allosteric and epistatic communications between distant residues and provide insight into their role in the molecular evolution of NS1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2410813122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T13:01:21Z","timestamp":1740056481000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evolutionary rewiring of the dynamic network underpinning allosteric epistasis in NS1 of the influenza A virus"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7696-7561","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"II","given":"James E.","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University","place":["College Station"]},{"name":"Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National 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