{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T12:16:06Z","timestamp":1792152966050,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"50","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The ruminant livestock sector considerably contributes to global greenhouse gas emissions. This study investigates the effectiveness of pelleted bromoform-containing seaweed (\n                    <jats:italic>Asparagopsis taxiformis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) (Brominata) as an enteric methane (CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) inhibitor in grazing beef cattle. The primary objective was to assess the impact of this antimethanogenic additive on enteric CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions under real-world farm conditions. Twenty-four beef steers, crossbreeds of Wagyu and Angus, with an average liveweight of 399 \u00b1 21.7 kg, were allocated to two treatment groups: Control and Brominata. These animals underwent regular weigh-ins every 14 d, and measurements of CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    , carbon dioxide (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and hydrogen (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) emissions were conducted using the GreenFeed system. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS 9.4, wherein the model incorporated fixed effects for treatment, time, their interaction, and a covariate, while accounting for animal variations as a random effect within each phase. Three phases of bromoform intake were identified: a 3-wk ramp-up phase, a 3-wk optimal phase, and a 2-wk decreasing phase. No differences were observed between the weekly initial and final liveweight, average daily gain, and predicted dry matter intake. During optimal and decreasing phases, average enteric CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions were significantly reduced in steers that received Brominata supplementation compared to those without supplementation (115 vs. 185 g\/d, respectively). Additionally, both groups had similar CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions (6.8 vs. 7.2 kg\/d), while H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions were lower in the control group (3.4 vs. 1.8 g\/d). The findings suggest that pelleted bromoform-containing feed additive has the potential to reduce enteric CH\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions from grazing beef cattle.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2410863121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T15:10:12Z","timestamp":1733152212000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Mitigating methane emissions in grazing beef cattle with a seaweed-based feed additive: Implications for climate-smart agriculture"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4292-6210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Meo-Filho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2169-7260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John F.","family":"Ramirez-Agudelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0833-1352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ermias","family":"Kebreab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-12-3269-2020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","volume-title":"Tackling Climate Change through Livestock: A Global Assessment of Emissions and Mitigation Opportunities","author":"Gerber P. J.","year":"2013","unstructured":"P. J. Gerber , Tackling Climate Change through Livestock: A Global Assessment of Emissions and Mitigation Opportunities, P. J. Gerber , Eds. (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations\u2013FAO, Rome, Italy, 2013)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17159\/sajs.2020\/8192"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","first-page":"658","volume-title":"Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"IPCC","year":"2013","unstructured":"IPCC, \u201cAnthropogenic and natural radiative forcing\u201d in Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, G. Myhre , Eds. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2013), pp. 658\u2013740."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"923","volume-title":"Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"IPCC","year":"2021","unstructured":"IPCC, \u201cThe Earth\u2019s energy budget, climate feedbacks, and climate sensitivity\u201d in Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, V. Masson-Delmotte , Eds. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2021), pp. 923\u20131054."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","unstructured":"CCAC UNEP \u201cUnited Nations Environment Programme and Climate and Clean Air Coalition\u201d Global methane assessment: Benefits and costs of mitigating methane emissions (United Nations Environment Programme Nairobi 2021). https:\/\/www.ccacoalition.org\/resources\/global-methane-assessment-full-report. Accessed 6 October 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/1995.7382483x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/animres:2000119"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.00589"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731110000546"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02161"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22091"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2489\/jswc.2023.00070"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731119003100"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","first-page":"306","article-title":"Selection for divergent methane yield in New Zealand sheep\u2014A ten-year perspective","volume":"23","author":"Rowe S. J.","year":"2019","unstructured":"S. J. Rowe , Selection for divergent methane yield in New Zealand sheep\u2014A ten-year perspective. Proc. Assoc. Advmt. Anim. Breed. Genet. 23, 306\u2013309 (2019).","journal-title":"Proc. Assoc. Advmt. Anim. Breed. Genet."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01313"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2013.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2111294119"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0396.2011.01172.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-18541"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-81-322-2401-3_13"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2022-22211"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/AN15883"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2020.120836"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247820"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.06.193"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-19686"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38149-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skac197"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2016.05.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2014-9118"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.animal.2023.100726"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43452-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1504124112"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","unstructured":"R. S. Hegarty \u201cAn evaluation of emerging feed additives to reduce methane emissions from livestock\u201d (CCAFS\u2014Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security and the NZAGRC\u2014New Zealand Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Research Centre initiative of the GRAS\u2014Global Research Alliance 2021) https:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/10568\/116489. Accessed 20 October 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01582"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161362","article-title":"Thermodynamic driving force of hydrogen on rumen microbial metabolism: A theoretical investigation","volume":"11","author":"Van Lingen H. J.","year":"2016","unstructured":"H. J. Van Lingen , Thermodynamic driving force of hydrogen on rumen microbial metabolism: A theoretical investigation. PLoS One 11, e0161362 (2016).","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0309-1740(94)00071-E"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsagscitech.1c00161"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2021.115018"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2014-7557"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","volume-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2016","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle (The National Academies Press, ed. 8, Revised, 2016).","edition":"8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Methods in Cattle Physiology and Behavior\u2014Recommendations from the SmartCow Consortium","author":"Martin C.","year":"2020","unstructured":"C. Martin, Y. Rochette, D. Humphries, G. Renand, \u201cGreenfeed system\u201d in Methods in Cattle Physiology and Behavior\u2014Recommendations from the SmartCow Consortium, S. D. Mesgaran , Eds. (PUBLISSO, 2020), pp. 1\u20136."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4141\/A03-123"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2410863121","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T15:12:37Z","timestamp":1733152357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2410863121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"50","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2410863121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2410863121","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-05-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2410863121"}}