{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:20:49Z","timestamp":1788913249850,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"46","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DMREF 2323857"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMREF 2323857"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP23K03333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K03333"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["JP23K13056"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K13056"]}]},{"name":"JST CREST","award":["JPMJCR19T2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJCR19T2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The Stoner instability remains a cornerstone for understanding metallic ferromagnets. This instability captures the interplay of Coulomb repulsion, Pauli exclusion, and twofold fermionic spin degeneracy. In materials with spin\u2013orbit coupling, this fermionic spin is generalized to a twofold degenerate pseudospin which is typically believed to have symmetry properties as spin. Here, we identify a distinct symmetry of this pseudospin that forbids it to couple to a Zeeman field. This \u201cspinless\u201d property is required to exist in five nonsymmorphic space groups and has nontrivial implications for superconductivity and magnetism. With Coulomb repulsion, Fermi surfaces composed primarily of this spinless pseudospin property give rise to Stoner instabilities into magnetic states that are qualitatively different than ferromagnets. These spinless-pseudospin ferromagnets break time-reversal symmetry, have a vanishing magnetization, are noncollinear, and exhibit momentum-dependent energy band spin-splittings. In superconductors, for all pairing symmetries and field orientations, this spinless pseudospin extinguishes paramagnetic limiting. We discuss applications to superconducting UCoGe and magnetic NiS\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:msub>\n                          <mml:mrow\/>\n                          <mml:mrow>\n                            <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                            <mml:mo>\u2212<\/mml:mo>\n                            <mml:mi>x<\/mml:mi>\n                          <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <\/mml:msub>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    Se\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:msub>\n                          <mml:mrow\/>\n                          <mml:mi>x<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:msub>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2411038121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T11:44:53Z","timestamp":1731066293000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Spin\u2013orbit enabled unconventional Stoner magnetism"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9446-9971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0892-1659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Shishidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9242-741X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuntaro","family":"Sumita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro 153-8902, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Komaba Institute for Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro 153-8902, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Cluster for Pioneering Research, Condensed Matter Theory Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako 351-0198, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2263-2960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Weinert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0178-1374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel F.","family":"Agterberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.102.017205"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.78.195125"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.90.015005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0153345"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","first-page":"372","article-title":"Collective electron ferronmagnetism","volume":"165","author":"Stoner E. C.","year":"1938","unstructured":"E. C. Stoner, Collective electron ferronmagnetism. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A., Math. Phys. Sci. 165, 372\u2013414 (1938).","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A., Math. Phys. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","first-page":"040501","article-title":"Emerging research landscape of altermagnetism","volume":"12","author":"\u0160mejkal L.","year":"2022","unstructured":"L. \u0160mejkal, J. Sinova, T. Jungwirth, Emerging research landscape of altermagnetism. Phys. Rev. X 12, 040501 (2022).","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. X"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S1600576716015491"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.39.11413"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.90.205136"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.93.205132"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav2327"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.077002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1143\/JPSJ.78.113709"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep25335"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.93.024409"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.96.155206"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.103.L161109"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevResearch.5.033204"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7566\/JPSJ.88.022001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.117.206401"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.106.205131"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889811038970"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.87.116801"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1058161"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08680"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.109.024404"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26241-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA04273H"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.112.087603"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.110.144412"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.105.L020505"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2411038121","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T11:45:57Z","timestamp":1731066357000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2411038121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"46","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2411038121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2411038121","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2411038121"}}