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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Viruses with broad tissue distribution and cell tropism successfully replicate in various nutrient environments in the body. Several viruses reprogram metabolism for viral replication. However, many studies focus on metabolic reprogramming in nutrient-rich conditions that do not recapitulate physiological environments in the body. Here, we investigated how viruses may replicate when a metabolite thought to be essential for replication is limited. We use human cytomegalovirus infection in glucose-free conditions as a model to determine how glucose supports virus replication and how physiologically relevant nutrients contribute to glucose-independent virus production. We find that glucose supports viral genome synthesis, viral protein production and glycosylation, and infectious virus production. Notably, supplement of glucose-free cultures with uridine, ribose, or UDP-GlcNAc\u2014metabolites that feed upper glycolytic branches like the pentose phosphate pathway\u2014results in partially restored virus replication, including low levels of infectious virus production. Supplementing lower glycolysis in glucose-free cultures using pyruvate fails to restore virus replication. These results indicate that nutrients can compensate for glucose via feeding upper glycolytic branches to sustain low levels of virus production. More broadly, our findings suggest that viruses may successfully replicate in diverse metabolic niches, including those in the body with low glucose levels, through alternative nutrient usage.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2412966121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T10:46:41Z","timestamp":1732013201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Glucose-independent human cytomegalovirus replication is supported by metabolites that feed upper glycolytic branches"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8882-4332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebekah L.","family":"Mokry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719"},{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7460-7567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John G.","family":"Purdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719"},{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724"},{"name":"Cancer Biology Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02123-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-65-7-1229"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.03031-23","article-title":"Cytomegalovirus-induced inactivation of TSC2 disrupts the coupling of fatty acid biosynthesis to glucose availability resulting in a vulnerability to glucose starvation","volume":"15","author":"Raymonda M. 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