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We developed a concussion model to induce a confined area of injury without causing frank hemorrhage. Using intravital microscopy, we observe activation of the vasculature that supported neutrophil rolling and platelet adhesion but no overt cellular recruitment from blood into brain parenchyma. Activated resident, not monocyte-derived, macrophages relocated to the injury site via Cx3cr1 and phagocytosed dysfunctional\/detached astrocytes via scavenger receptors and TLR4, particularly after repetitive concussion. Additionally, microglia sealed areas of blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) disruption via purinergic pathways. Using a splitCre approach to dissect microglia and perivascular macrophages, we show that microglial invasion into the injury site is key to reducing BBB disruption. Our data suggest that microglia repair the BBB following concussion, but in doing so significantly alter the cellular ultrastructure of the brain milieu.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2414316122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T15:07:52Z","timestamp":1747667272000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Imaging a concussion and the ensuing immune response at the blood\u2013brain barrier"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0795-8016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita H.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Calgary","place":["Calgary, Canada"]},{"name":"Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine","place":["Calgary, 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