{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T04:25:22Z","timestamp":1793420722772,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"39","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000104","name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["80NSSC23K1399"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["80NSSC23K1399"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000104","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Rocky exoplanet characterization has been a top priority for early James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) science operations. Several milestones have been achieved, including the most precise rocky planet transmission spectra measured to date, and the first detection of thermal emission for rocky worlds below 800 K. Despite these advances, no atmospheres have been definitively detected. Several transmission spectra show tentative evidence for molecular absorption features, but these hints are marginally significant and the spectra may be affected by stellar contamination. Features from many plausible atmospheres, including those dominated by oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide, are below the current noise level. Meanwhile, the emerging picture from thermal emission spectra is that the planets have hot daysides, consistent with either a bare rock composition or low surface pressure atmospheres (\n                    <jats:inline-formula>\n                      <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" display=\"inline\" overflow=\"scroll\">\n                        <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                      <\/mml:math>\n                    <\/jats:inline-formula>\n                    10 bar). Higher surface pressures and high carbon dioxide abundances are generally ruled out, assuming cloud-free atmosphere models. The absence of strong CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    features hints at a limited initial volatile inventory or rapid atmospheric escape during the planets\u2019 early lifetimes. Taken together, these results motivate a push toward higher precision data, as well as observations of cooler planets that may be more likely to retain atmospheres. As a goal for future transmission spectroscopy, we suggest a \u201cfive scale height challenge,\u201d to achieve the precision necessary to detect CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    features in nitrogen-rich atmospheres. Detecting rocky planet atmospheres remains challenging, but with JWST\u2019s excellent performance and a continuing investment of telescope time, we are optimistic these uncharted atmospheres will be detected in coming years.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2416190122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T19:00:41Z","timestamp":1758567641000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["A first look at rocky exoplanets with JWST"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0514-1147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Kreidberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Astronomy","place":["Heidelberg, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7352-7941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin B.","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory","place":["Laurel"]},{"name":"Consortium on Habitability and Atmospheres of M-dwarf Planets","place":["Laurel"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/807\/1\/45"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0004-637X\/770\/1\/69"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361\/201424915"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-4357\/ac3b48"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18641"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41550-017-0374-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3847\/1538-3881\/aac6dd"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","first-page":"7","article-title":"Exoplanet atmosphere forecast: Observers should expect spectroscopic transmission features to be muted to 33%","volume":"3","author":"Wakeford H. 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