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U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Meta-analyses and theory show that with rising atmospheric [CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ], Rubisco has become the greatest limitation to light-saturated leaf CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    assimilation rates (\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>sat<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) in C\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    crops. So would transgenically increasing Rubisco increase\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>sat<\/jats:sub>\n                    and result in increased productivity in the field? Here, we successfully overexpressed the Rubisco small subunit (\n                    <jats:italic>RbcS<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) with Rubisco accumulation factor 1 (\n                    <jats:italic>Raf1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in both sorghum and sugarcane, resulting in significant increases in Rubisco content of 13 to 25% and up to 90% respectively.\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>sat<\/jats:sub>\n                    increased 12 to 15% and Rubisco enzyme activity ~40% in three independent transgenic events of both species. Sorghum plants also showed increased speeds of photosynthetic induction and decreased bundle sheath leakiness. These improvements translated into average increases of 15.5% in biomass in field-grown sorghum and a 37 to 81% increase in greenhouse-grown sugarcane. This suggests a potential opportunity to achieve substantial increases in productivity of this key economically important clade of C\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    crops, future proofing their value under global atmospheric change.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2419943122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]],"date-time":"2025-02-11T13:42:16Z","timestamp":1739281336000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Adapting C\n                    <sub>4<\/sub>\n                    photosynthesis to atmospheric change and increasing productivity by elevating Rubisco content in sorghum and sugarcane"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2856-4217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Coralie E.","family":"Salesse-Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl R. 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Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","place":["Urbana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5338-9353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ming","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","place":["Lincoln"]},{"name":"Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation","place":["Lincoln"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengxiang","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","place":["Lincoln"]},{"name":"Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation","place":["Lincoln"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0894-4976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fredy","family":"Altpeter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agronomy Department, Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science","place":["Gainesville"]},{"name":"Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation","place":["Gainesville"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom E.","family":"Clemente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln","place":["Lincoln"]},{"name":"Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation","place":["Lincoln"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8501-7164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen P.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","place":["Urbana"]},{"name":"Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation","place":["Urbana-Champaign"]},{"name":"Departments of Plant Biology and of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","place":["Urbana"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","volume-title":"FAOSTAT","author":"FAO","year":"2024","unstructured":"FAO, FAOSTAT (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07231-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.109.139162"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gcbb.13128"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2008.01662.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","first-page":"597275","article-title":"Energy cane: Its concept, development, characteristics, and prospects","volume":"2014","author":"Matsuoka S.","year":"2014","unstructured":"S. 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