{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:53:52Z","timestamp":1792785232688,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"25","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UKRI | Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UP_1201\/31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UP_1201\/31"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["225317\/Z\/22\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["225317\/Z\/22\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004410","name":"European Molecular Biology Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YIP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YIP"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000275","name":"Leverhulme Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Philip Leverhulme Prize"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Philip Leverhulme Prize"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Lister","award":["Lister Prize"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Lister Prize"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a human commensal bacterium that can opportunistically invade the bloodstream and cross the blood\u2013brain barrier, where it can cause septicemia and meningitis. These diseases, if left untreated, can be lethal within hours. Hyperinvasive\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains often express a genomically encoded filamentous bacteriophage called MDA\u03a6, which promotes colonization of mucosal host surfaces to facilitate bacterial invasion. How this phage is organized and how it promotes biofilm formation and infection at the molecular level is unclear. Here, we present an electron cryomicroscopy structure of the MDA phage, showing that MDA\u03a6 is a class I filamentous inovirus, with the major capsid protein (MCP) arranged within the phage as a highly curved and densely packed \u03b1-helix. Comparison with other filamentous bacteriophages offers clues about inoviral genome encapsidation mechanisms, providing a framework for understanding the evolutionary diversity of inoviruses. A disordered, N-terminal segment in the MCP presents hydrophobic patches on the surface of assembled phage particles, which, together with electron cryotomography data of phage bundles, furnishes a structural rationale for phage\u2013phage interactions that were seen previously in an epithelium adhesion infection model of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. meningitidis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Taken together, our results shed light on the structure, organization, and higher-order assembly of a biomedically relevant phage encoded in the genome of a human pathogen. Molecular insights gleaned from this study increase our understanding of phage evolution, phage-mediated bacterial adhesion, and pathogenicity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2420157122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T14:11:07Z","timestamp":1750428667000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Structure of the virulence-associated\n                    <i>Neisseria meningitidis<\/i>\n                    filamentous bacteriophage MDA\u03a6"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"B\u00f6hning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural Studies Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miles","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural Studies Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7655-9685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathieu","family":"Coureuil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","place":["Paris, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0368-6111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abul K.","family":"Tarafder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural Studies Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6144-927X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","place":["Paris, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Nassif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","place":["Paris, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9172-0510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Bille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM U1151, CNRS UMR8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","place":["Paris, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0168-0277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanmay A. M.","family":"Bharat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Structural Studies Division, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology","place":["Cambridge, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00008-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2019.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2014.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.3.376"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cmi.13063"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.16.1.423"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20090513"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050112"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003885"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2014.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2015.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aau9748"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12275-014-4083-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1917726117"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44160-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5270.1910"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006495"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0510-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(74)90336-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2836(74)90409-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37915-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41151-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1811929116"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2017.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2005.10.048"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07487-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.000215"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34700-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20210301"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00122-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bi0485023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2014.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1155307"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01794636"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13838"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat9691"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.168.2.507"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012773"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4193"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2012.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2015.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-019-0575-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20210708"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.4169"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0907444909052925"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S2059798321009475"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","unstructured":"K. Yamashita Refinement of amyloid-\u03b2 42 structure (2025). https:\/\/servalcat.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/spa_examples\/ab42.html. Accessed 10 January 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2005.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jsbi.1996.0013"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjsbx.2022.100068"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISBI.2019.8759519"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkae241"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.4792"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Boehning T. A. M. Bharat MDA phage capsid. Protein Data Bank. https:\/\/www.rcsb.org\/structure\/9QG9. Deposited 13 March 2025.","DOI":"10.2210\/pdb9qg9\/pdb"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Boehning T. A. M. Bharat MDA phage capsid. Electron Microscopy Data Bank. https:\/\/www.ebi.ac.uk\/emdb\/EMD-53129. Deposited 13 March 2025.","DOI":"10.2210\/pdb9qg9\/pdb"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2420157122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T14:11:40Z","timestamp":1750428700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2420157122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"25","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,24]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2420157122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2420157122","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2420157122"}}