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We applied two spectroscopy-informed machine learning algorithms, Characteristic Peak Extraction (CaPE) and Characteristic Peak Similarity (CaPSim), to identify the specific PAHs and PACs present in the placenta of women who smoked tobacco cigarettes in pregnancy compared to spectra of the placenta from self-reported nonsmokers. CaPE and CaPSim analysis enabled a clear distinction between these two groups. Independent verification was accomplished by detecting PAH-DNA and PAC-DNA adducts in the smoking group by means of a\n                    <jats:sup>32<\/jats:sup>\n                    P-postlabeling assay. These findings highlight the effectiveness of combining surface-enhanced spectroscopies with informed ML analysis for the streamlined detection of hazardous environmental compounds in human tissues, suggesting broader applications in clinical diagnostics and public health surveillance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2422537122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]],"date-time":"2025-02-10T15:04:36Z","timestamp":1739199876000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Machine learning\u2013enhanced surface-enhanced spectroscopic detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the human placenta"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Oara","family":"Neumann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University","place":["Houston"]},{"name":"Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University","place":["Houston"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilong","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Rice University","place":["Houston"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres B.","family":"Sanchez-Alvarado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University","place":["Houston"]},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Rice University","place":["Houston"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guodong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, Texas A&M University Health Sciences","place":["Houston"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiwu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhagavatula","family":"Moorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Suter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankit","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine","place":["Houston"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1633-2937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Nordlander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University","place":["Houston"]},{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University","place":["Houston"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8461-8494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naomi J.","family":"Halas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University","place":["Houston"]},{"name":"Laboratory for Nanophotonics, Rice University","place":["Houston"]},{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Rice University","place":["Houston"]},{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University","place":["Houston"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpe.2015.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfv040"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2018.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.110961"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148266"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.939989"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","first-page":"821","article-title":"Relationship between ambient air pollution and DNA damage in Polish mothers and newborns","volume":"106","author":"Whyatt R. 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