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Here, we investigate the responses of phytoplankton community composition and productivity to acidification across the western North Pacific. Consistent reductions in primary production were observed under acidified conditions in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and the northern South China Sea, whereas no significant changes were found at the northern boundary of the subtropical gyre. While prokaryotic phytoplankton showed little or positive responses to high CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , small (&lt;20 \u00b5m) eukaryotic phytoplankton which are primarily limited by low ambient nitrogen drove the observed decrease in community primary production. Extrapolating these results to global tropical and subtropical oceans predicts a potential decrease of about 5 Pg C y\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    in primary production in low Chl-\n                    <jats:italic>a<\/jats:italic>\n                    oligotrophic regions, which are anticipated to experience both acidification and stratification in the future.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2423680122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T15:06:16Z","timestamp":1741619176000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Eukaryotic phytoplankton drive a decrease in primary production in response to elevated CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    in the tropical and subtropical oceans"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2737-2181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongbo","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University","place":["Xiamen, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6531-4869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuozhu","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University","place":["Xiamen, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haizheng","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University","place":["Xiamen, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Browning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marine Biogeochemistry Division, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel","place":["Kiel, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University","place":["Xiamen, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ze","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University","place":["Xiamen, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7925-9618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University","place":["Xiamen, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minhan","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University","place":["Xiamen, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6311-7826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois M. 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