{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T01:59:14Z","timestamp":1788832754717,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The national natural science foundation of china","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["92156009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92156009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003482","name":"Hubei province department of education","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Q20222506"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Q20222506"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003482","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Regulating multistimulus responses in artificial systems remains a challenge in smart material development. We present a versatile chemical switching system that precisely controls the self-assembly of metal\u2013organic cages via temperature and solvent changes. The key component, cyclo[2](1,3-(4,6-dimethyl)benzene) (4-pyridine)[6](1,3-(4,6-dimethyl)benzene) (\n                    <jats:bold>CP2<\/jats:bold>\n                    ), was generated as three atropisomers (\n                    <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>\n                    ) with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2v<\/jats:sub>\n                    symmetries. Thermally, metastable isomers (\n                    <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\n                    and\n                    <jats:bold>2<\/jats:bold>\n                    ) convert into the stable isomer (\n                    <jats:bold>3<\/jats:bold>\n                    ), which reacts with Pd\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    to form specific molecular cages. Depending on the solvent, either rectangular M\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    L\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    cages (\n                    <jats:bold>5\u2032<\/jats:bold>\n                    and\n                    <jats:bold>5<\/jats:bold>\n                    ) form in 1,4-dioxane or hexagonal M\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    L\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    cages (\n                    <jats:bold>6<\/jats:bold>\n                    ) in 1,1\u2032,2,2\u2032-tetrachloroethane. The solvent dictates the cage type and enables reversible transformation between cages\n                    <jats:bold>5<\/jats:bold>\n                    and\n                    <jats:bold>6<\/jats:bold>\n                    . Additionally, cage\n                    <jats:bold>5<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2032, formed from metastable isomer\n                    <jats:bold>1<\/jats:bold>\n                    , can switch to other cage types (i.e.,\n                    <jats:bold>5<\/jats:bold>\n                    or\n                    <jats:bold>6<\/jats:bold>\n                    ) depending on temperature and solvent conditions. This multipathway system offers a precise strategy for controlling self-assembly in smart materials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2500357122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T14:14:27Z","timestamp":1746713667000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Synergistic regulation of metal\u2013organic cage architectures via temperature- and solvent-driven atropisomerism"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2704-6984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Jun","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8858-4773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ke-Lin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Ao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4708-8156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xu-Lang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Pollutant Analysis and Reuse Technology, Hubei Normal University","place":["Huangshi, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Dong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin","place":["Austin"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian-Nan","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ai-Jiao","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong-Ling","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6829-7205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaopeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University","place":["Shenzhen, Guangdong, People\u2019s Republic of China"]},{"name":"Department of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Shanghai, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4168-7657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Han-Yuan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University","place":["Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CS00801J"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr200077m"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4CS00761A"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CS00779G"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr5005666"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2018.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ar970224v"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CS00690E"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50972-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c11321"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11426-023-1584-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c14168"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b12309"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2021.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202423810"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacsau.3c00224"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201903117"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C1SC00779C"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b12738"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201209694"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2022.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.6b07969"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CS00342J"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c01315"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cc33601d"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202014399"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c14430"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CC05886E"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","first-page":"24755","article-title":"Guest encapsulation alters the thermodynamic landscape of a coordination host","volume":"145","author":"Hema K.","year":"2023","unstructured":"K. Hema , Guest encapsulation alters the thermodynamic landscape of a coordination host. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 145, 24755\u201324764 (2023).","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22880-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CC00688A"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2112973118"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c06377"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b09899"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.8b10538"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8CC09911A"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.3c03727"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c11838"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43756-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aau5441"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202114305"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c09598"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b13549"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21889-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201105374"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.201000876"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.2c05946"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja502295c"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2016.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.1c03719"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4QO00399C"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ejoc.201701602"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asia.201800954"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b17118"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja807983t"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1793"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CC00157K"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c13326"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ic502780b"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202217681"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202312323"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201811263"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.0c06470"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchem.2758"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.8b02624"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","unstructured":"H.-Y. Gong Data from \u201c1\u20222.5C4H8O.\u201d Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. https:\/\/ccdc.cam.ac.uk\/data_request\/cif. Deposited 6 September 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","unstructured":"H.-Y. Gong Data from \u201c2\u2022CH3OH.\u201d Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. https:\/\/ccdc.cam.ac.uk\/data_request\/cif. Deposited 6 September 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","unstructured":"H.-Y. Gong Data from \u201c3\u2022C4H8O.\u201d Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. https:\/\/ccdc.cam.ac.uk\/data_request\/cif. Deposited 6 September 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","unstructured":"H.-Y. Gong Data from \u201c5.\u201d Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. https:\/\/ccdc.cam.ac.uk\/data_request\/cif. Deposited 6 September 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","unstructured":"H.-Y. Gong Data from \u201c5\u2019.\u201d Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. https:\/\/ccdc.cam.ac.uk\/data_request\/cif. Deposited 6 September 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","unstructured":"H.-Y. Gong Data from \u201c6.\u201d Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre. https:\/\/ccdc.cam.ac.uk\/data_request\/cif. Deposited 6 September 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","unstructured":"H.-Y. Gong calculation model and Single crystal date.zip. Figshare. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6084\/m9.figshare.28666316. Deposited 26 March 2025."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2500357122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T14:14:32Z","timestamp":1746713672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2500357122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2500357122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2500357122","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2500357122"}}