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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Head movements are sensed by the vestibular organs. Unlike classical senses, signals from vestibular organs are not selectively conveyed to a dedicated cortical area but are broadcast throughout the cortex. This distributed processing pattern reflects the fundamental role of vestibular information in contextual modulation across diverse cortical computations. Surprisingly, the routes taken by vestibular signals to reach the cortex are still largely uncharted. Here, we show that the primary visual cortex (V1) receives real-time head movement signals\u2014direction, velocity, and acceleration\u2014from the ipsilateral pulvinar and contralateral visual cortex (VC). The ipsilateral pulvinar provides the main head movement signal, with a bias toward contraversive movements (e.g., clockwise movements in left V1). Conversely, the contralateral VC provides head movement signals during ipsiversive movements. Crucially, head movement variables encoded in V1 are already encoded in the pulvinar, suggesting that those variables are computed subcortically. Thus, the convergence of inter- and intrahemispheric signals endows V1 with a rich representation of the animal\u2019s head movements.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2503181122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:22:47Z","timestamp":1760113367000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Inter- and intrahemispheric sources of vestibular signals to V1"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Guy","family":"Bouvier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco","place":["San Francisco"]},{"name":"HHMI, University of California San Francisco","place":["San Francisco"]},{"name":"CNRS, Institut des Neurosciences Paris-Saclay, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","place":["Saclay, France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8758-1810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Sanzeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing Sciences, Bocconi University","place":["Milan, Italy"]},{"name":"Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Columbia University","place":["New York"]},{"name":"Mortimer B Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University","place":["New York"]},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Duke University","place":["Durham"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco","place":["San Francisco"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2272-3248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Brunel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computing Sciences, Bocconi University","place":["Milan, Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, Duke University","place":["Durham"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5331-9686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimo","family":"Scanziani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco","place":["San Francisco"]},{"name":"HHMI, University of California San Francisco","place":["San Francisco"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.194720"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4658"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.80.4.1816"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01208606"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1869-14.2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.110134"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.10.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05196-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02501-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109721"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd5059"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58613"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab084"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. Weiler M. Teichert T. W. Margrie Layer 6 corticocortical cells dominate the anatomical organization of intra and interhemispheric feedback. Elife 13 RP100478 (2025).","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.100478.3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3488"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.48622"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.01.033"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav7893"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.44006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-022-01227-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01564-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0502-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(00)03180-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","unstructured":"A. H\u00f6gyes On the Neural Mechanism of the Associated Ocular Movements [in German]. Monatsschr. Ohrenheilkd. Laryngorhinol. 46 685\u2013740 (1912). (Originally published in Hungarian in ca1881 and translated to German by Sugar M)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2004.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S. 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Bouvier A. Sanzeni Dataset for \u201cInter- and Intrahemispheric Sources of Vestibular Signals to V1.\u201d Zenodo. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.17154402. Deposited 18 September 2025.","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.11.18.624137"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","unstructured":"G. Bouvier A. Sanzeni vestibular-v1-sources: analysis code and notebooks. Github. https:\/\/github.com\/sanzeni\/vestibular-v1-sources. 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