{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:07:46Z","timestamp":1791835666117,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"31","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753660800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2112474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2112474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The standard model of sex chromosome evolution is based on ancient XY or ZW systems. Young neo-sex chromosomes that form via the translocation of autosomal material to preexisting sex chromosomes provide materials to study early events in sex chromosome evolution. Neo-sex chromosomes are taxonomically widespread but, until recently, appeared to be rare in female-heterogametic taxa, including birds. Here, we report on the comparative evolutionary genomics of newly discovered neo-Z and neo-W sex chromosomes in two Pacific Island birds, the honeyeater species,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Myzomela tristrami<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">M. cardinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our results show that 19 to 21 Mya, ~85% of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">chr5<\/jats:italic>\n                    , an autosome, translocated to the pseudoautosomal region (PAR) of an ancestral sex chromosome (Z or W) and rapidly recombined onto its heterolog, leaving the remainder of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">chr5<\/jats:italic>\n                    to segregate as a remnant autosome. A large inversion then established a nonrecombining (NR) neo-W region and a neo-PAR. The accumulation of at least seven additional inversions created interspersed blocks of ancestral and neo-W sequence, without expanding the NR region. The neo-W experienced mass invasion by endogenous retrovirus repeats, a reduced efficacy of selection, and functional degeneration. Many of our observations are consistent with predictions of the standard model, whereas others highlight idiosyncrasies of neo-sex chromosomes that arise via translocation of autosomal sequence to ancestral sex chromosomes. We speculate, in particular, that the repository of retrotransposons on the ancestral W may have been an accelerant in the evolution of neo-W structure, content, and functional degeneration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2503746122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T19:05:36Z","timestamp":1753729536000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Genomic origins and evolution of neo-sex chromosomes in Pacific Island birds"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1950-4783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina A.","family":"Muirhead","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Rochester","place":["Rochester"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4186-5954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emiliano","family":"Mart\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Rochester","place":["Rochester"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8619-3549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsie H.","family":"Shogren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Rochester","place":["Rochester"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8437-5525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J. Albert C.","family":"Uy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Rochester","place":["Rochester"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4337-4072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daven C.","family":"Presgraves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Rochester","place":["Rochester"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2014.15"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41437-022-00543-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2011.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","first-page":"316","volume-title":"Evolution of Sex Determining Mechanisms","author":"Bull J. J.","year":"1983","unstructured":"J. J. Bull, Evolution of Sex Determining Mechanisms (Benjamin\/Cummings Publishing Co., Menlo Park, CA, 1983), p. 316."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001899"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)00448-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.hdy.6800697"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-024-00757-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-88178-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esw041"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0016672300014051"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2408899"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2018.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5441.964"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.108.090324"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2024.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1246338"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2007.00250.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.16.7591"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2000.0717"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/3.5.422"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/280418"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12087"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-112414-055311"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.16002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3366"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1005237"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2009.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giz131"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10010004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28585-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-46052-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab277"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.16604"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1011360"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-66470-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giac025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1011360"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2016.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2006348"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-19134-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2020.0186"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8330"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559-019-0850-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/371215a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.275465.121"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1987.052.01.094"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2023.09.028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.80008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0016672300010156"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3366"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/159.3.1179"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201500040"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/g83-030"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2014.1932"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.17740"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.117.300382"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-020-01056-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw092"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011147"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.64483-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab199"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btab705"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty191"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp324"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gigascience\/giab008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-10-421"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1984.tb05657.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13326"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msae068"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evw009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13100-021-00259-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.14439"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkf436"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-015-9692-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2165-c1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13100-015-0041-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gks1265"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_80_2","unstructured":"A. Smit R. Hubley P. Green (2013-2015) RepeatMasker Open-4.0."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1759-8753-5-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp328"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003118"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msy159"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1672-0229(10)60008-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm088"}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2503746122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T19:05:50Z","timestamp":1753729550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2503746122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"references-count":86,"journal-issue":{"issue":"31","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2503746122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2503746122","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-28","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2503746122"}}