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We find that when the droplet size and cell concentration are both large enough, the initially uniform suspension spatially self-organizes into a concentrated, immotile inner \u201ccore\u201d that coexists with a more dilute, highly motile surrounding \u201cshell.\u201d By simultaneously measuring cell concentration, oxygen concentration, and motility-generated fluid flow, we show that this behavior arises from the interplay between oxygen transport through the droplet from its boundary, uptake by the cells, and corresponding changes in their motility in response to oxygen variations. Furthermore, we use biophysical theory and simulations to quantitatively describe this interplay. Our work thus sheds light on the rich collective behaviors that emerge for bacterial populations in confined environments, with implications for understanding ecological niches and engineering artificial systems.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2503983122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T19:04:23Z","timestamp":1759777463000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Spatial self-organization of confined bacterial suspensions"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5075-6357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Babak Vajdi","family":"Hokmabad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering","place":["Princeton"]},{"name":"Princeton 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