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Here, we demonstrate that\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n -related antibodies can be detected using glycan microarrays containing synthetic glycans to guide the discovery of oligosaccharide epitopes for diagnostics and vaccine design. Pure, synthetic mannans and\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n -glucans, resembling carbohydrates found on the surface of\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n spp., were employed to screen and compare sera from infected humans and mice with noninfected individuals. IgM antibodies directed toward\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n -glucans were observed shortly after infection, and after a longer time of infection, IgM and IgG antibodies that preferentially recognize mannans. Phosphodiester-linked mannosides and the\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n -(1,2)-mannose monomer help to distinguish different\n Candida<\/jats:italic>\n spp. The tetrasaccharide antigen\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n -(1,2)Man-\n \u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n -(1,2)Man-\n \u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n -(1,2)Man-\n \u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n -(1,2)Man, and the pentasaccharide antigens\n \u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n -(1,2)Man-\n \u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n -(1,3)Man-\n \u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n -(1,2)Man-\n \u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n -(1,2)Man-\n \u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n -(1,2)Man and\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n -(1,3)Glc-\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n -(1,3)Glc-\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n -(1,3)Glc-[\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n -(1,6)Glc]-\n \u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n -(1,3)Glc were identified as potential epitopes for detection, e.g., through monoclonal antibody lateral flow tests, and the development of glycoconjugate or monoclonal antibody vaccines against\n Candida.<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2505340122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T15:49:21Z","timestamp":1758815361000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Glycan microarray analysis of\n Candida<\/i>\n -related antibodies in human and mice sera guides biomarker discovery and vaccine development"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Emelie E.","family":"Reuber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]},{"name":"Biomolecular Systems Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces","place":["Potsdam, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8971-0310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emer","family":"Hickey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, University of Exeter","place":["Exeter, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4328-3912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnab","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, University of Exeter","place":["Exeter, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosanne","family":"Sprute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne","place":["Cologne, Germany"]},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf and Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, University of Cologne","place":["Cologne, Germany"]},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research","place":["Cologne, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tilman","family":"Lingscheid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pinkus","family":"Tober-Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charit\u00e9 Mitte, Charit\u00e9\u2014Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t and Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","place":["Berlin, Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5612-9087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian","family":"Leaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of Exeter, University of Exeter","place":["Exeter, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark H. 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