{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T11:43:10Z","timestamp":1792928590886,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"33","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR001422"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR001422"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"NHBLI","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["R43HL162246"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R43HL162246"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Sweat parameters such as volume and chloride concentration may offer invaluable clinical insights for people with CF (PwCF). Pilocarpine-induced sweat collection for chloridometry measurement is the gold standard for a CF diagnosis, but this technique is cumbersome and not suitable for remote settings or repeat measurements. We have previously reported the utility of a skin-interfaced microfluidic device (CF Patch) in conjunction with a smartphone image processing platform that enables real-time measurement of sweating rates and sodium chloride loss in laboratory and remote settings. Here, we conducted clinical studies assessing the accuracy of the CF Patch compared to chloridometry when using pilocarpine to induce sweat. We also tested the feasibility and accuracy of exercise-induced sweat chloride measurements in PwCF and healthy volunteers (HV). In the laboratory, using either pilocarpine or exercise to induce sweat, the CF Patch demonstrated strong correlations with sweat chloride measured by pilocarpine-induced chloridometry. In remote settings, exercise-induced sweat chlorides measured using the CF patch were strongly correlated with in-laboratory exercise-induced CF patch sweat chlorides in HV but had a weaker correlation in PwCF. For PwCF on CFTR modulators, there was greater day-to-day variability in sweat chloride compared to HV, which highlights the limitations of assessing CFTR modulator efficacy and pharmacodynamics based on a single in-laboratory chloridometry measurement. Moreover, these findings demonstrate that the CF Patch is suitable as a remote management device capable of measuring serial sweat chloride concentrations and offers the potential of monitoring the efficacy of CF medication regimens but should not replace pilocarpine-based chloridometry for making a CF diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2506137122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T17:44:12Z","timestamp":1755020652000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Remote analysis and management of sweat biomarkers using a wearable microfluidic sticker in adult cystic fibrosis patients"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Rachel S.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago"]},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret G.","family":"Grossman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago"]},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3483-396X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zasu M.","family":"Klug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago"]},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mia","family":"Calamari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago"]},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Donayre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago"]},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0613-7617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thaddeus","family":"Cybulski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago"]},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jared","family":"Schooley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago"]},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garett J.","family":"Griffith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7440-6458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Corcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald E.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epicore Biosystems, Inc.","place":["Cambridge"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2654-7149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica C.","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epicore Biosystems, Inc.","place":["Cambridge"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da Som","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University","place":["Seoul, South Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"John A.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epicore Biosystems, Inc.","place":["Cambridge"]},{"name":"Querrey-Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University","place":["Evanston"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2980-3961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John A.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epicore Biosystems, Inc.","place":["Cambridge"]},{"name":"Querrey-Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University","place":["Evanston"]},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University","place":["Evanston"]},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University","place":["Evanston"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8521-8652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen 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J.","family":"Aranyosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epicore Biosystems, Inc.","place":["Cambridge"]},{"name":"Querrey-Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University","place":["Evanston"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1534-5629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manu","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago"]},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago"]},{"name":"Jesse Brown VA Hospital","place":["Chicago"]},{"name":"Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Northwestern University","place":["Chicago"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00551.2010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2017.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1105185"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201909-1845LE"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1156621"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","first-page":"1191","article-title":"Sweat chloride assay for cystic fibrosis. 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S. Nelson Remote analysis and management of sweat biomarkers using a microfluidic sticker in adult cystic fibrosis patients. Dryad. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5061\/dryad.bzkh189pj. Deposited 29 July 2025."}],"container-title":["Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1073\/pnas.2506137122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T17:44:26Z","timestamp":1755020666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2506137122"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"33","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1073\/pnas.2506137122"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2506137122","relation":{},"ISSN":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0027-8424","type":"print"},{"value":"1091-6490","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e2506137122"}}