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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Interleukin-17-producing \u03b3\u03b4T cells (\u03b3\u03b4T17 cells) play a dual role in immune regulation, serving as both protectors in various tissues and orchestrators of inflammatory responses in autoimmune diseases, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a rodent model of multiple sclerosis. However, the ontology and repertoires of encephalitogenic \u03b3\u03b4T17 cells remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that the encephalitogenicity of \u03b3\u03b4T17 cells is conferred through microfold cell (M cell)-dependent uptake of commensal bacteria in Peyer\u2019s patches. Specifically, CXCR6\n                    <jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>\n                    V\u03b36\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    V\u03b41\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    invariant \u03b3\u03b4T17 cells are activated by specific commensal bacteria such as\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., which stimulate TCR of CXCR6\n                    <jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>\n                    V\u03b36\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    V\u03b41\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    invariant \u03b3\u03b4T17 cells. During the early stages of EAE, \u03b3\u03b4T17 cells infiltrate the central nervous system (CNS), initiating a type 17 inflammatory response. Our findings illustrate that Peyer\u2019s patch M cells serve as a critical bridge, linking the pathological association between commensal bacteria and the onset of CNS inflammation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2506550123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T18:46:07Z","timestamp":1767984367000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["M cell\u2013dependent commensal uptake confers encephalitogenic phenotypes on \u03b3\u03b4T17 cells in Peyer\u2019s patches"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"123","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6175-0007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seiga","family":"Komiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University","place":["Tokyo, Japan"]},{"name":"Human Biology-Microbiome-Quantum 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