{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T11:41:12Z","timestamp":1781782872848,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"51","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"HHS | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R00HD096051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R00HD096051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"HHS | NIH | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD111425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD111425"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Androgens drive the morphogenesis and differentiation of the Wolffian duct (WD) into the epididymis, an essential organ for male reproduction, by binding to the androgen receptor (AR). However, it remains unclear whether other transcriptional programs operate beyond the central androgen\/AR signaling in promoting WD development. We found that mesenchyme-specific deletion of the transcription factor\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Gata2<\/jats:italic>\n                    resulted in defective epididymal coiling in the corpus and caudal regions. The defective coiling did not result from androgen signaling deficiency, as there were no abnormalities in testicular androgen production, AR\/\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ar<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression, or androgen-responsive genes, and dihydrotestosterone supplementation did not restore epididymal coiling in cultured WDs. Instead,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Gata2<\/jats:italic>\n                    deletion led to the loss of epididymal identity, as evidenced by the reduced expression of epididymal mesenchymal markers. The epididymal defect persisted into adulthood, with the uncoiled corpus and caudal epididymis exhibiting abnormal epithelial morphology and lumen environments, resulting in an unfavorable environment for sperm storage. Our results demonstrate the androgen-independent role of mesenchymal GATA2 in promoting epididymal development and highlight the importance of proper fetal development in male reproduction.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2507090122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T16:28:32Z","timestamp":1765988912000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Crucial roles of mesenchymal\n                    <i>Gata2<\/i>\n                    in murine epididymal development"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9962-9073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allyssa","family":"Fogarty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison"]},{"name":"Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1371-243X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuai","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jillian","family":"Wilbourne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2936-7276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"DuPuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3107-1576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison"]},{"name":"Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison","place":["Madison"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1970.0052"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"379","article-title":"Problems of fetal endocrinology\u2014The gonadal and hypophyseal hormones","volume":"8","author":"Jost A.","year":"1953","unstructured":"A. Jost, Problems of fetal endocrinology\u2014The gonadal and hypophyseal hormones. Recent Prog. Horm. Res. 8, 379\u2013418 (1953).","journal-title":"Recent Prog. Horm. Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3353727"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. B. Smith R. T. Mitchell I. J. McEwan \u201cHistory of masculinization\u201d in Testosterone: From Basic Research to Clinical Applications (SpringerBriefs in Reproductive Biology 2013) pp. 1\u20137 10.1007\/978-1-4614-8978-8_1.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-8978-8_1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-0028"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI34241"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B. Robaire B. T. Hinton M. C. Orgebin-Crist \u201cThe Epididymis\u201d in Knobil and Neill\u2019s Physiology of Reproduction J. D. Neill Ed. 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Fogarty . Crucial roles of mesenchymal Gata2 in murine epididymal development. Gene Expression Omnibus. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/geo\/query\/acc.cgi?&acc=GSE310242. 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