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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Zygotic reproductive isolation frequently initiates with hybrid incompatibility in the heterogametic sex, such as males in XX\/XY systems. The genetic basis of hybrid male incompatibility has long remained elusive. Here, we show that crosses of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Caenorhabditis nigoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    males with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. briggsae<\/jats:italic>\n                    females result in insufficient expression of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cbr-xol-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , an X-linked master switch responsible for intimately linked sex determination and dosage compensation pathways, consequently triggering aberrant X-chromosome repression in males, and ultimately leading to embryonic inviability. In contrast, male embryos from the reciprocal cross maintain normal expression level of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. nigoni xol-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes, consistent with their viability. We further demonstrate that the cis-regulatory regions of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cbr-xol-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cni-xol-1<\/jats:italic>\n                    have functionally diverged. Finally, X transcription is also aberrantly repressed in lethal hybrid male embryos from crosses between gonochoristic species\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. latens<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. remanei<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our results suggest an evolutionary scenario in which incompatibility of the dosage compensation system leads to reproductive isolation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2507166122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T15:59:18Z","timestamp":1761235158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Aberrant X chromosome dosage compensation causes hybrid male inviability in\n                    <i>Caenorhabditis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0686-0883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongbin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yimeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaonv","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0671-0160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yifan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiemei","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wangyan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hantang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhua","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2743-9008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongying","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University","place":["Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4780-8399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jeb.14112"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jhered\/esw026"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.16272"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02983075"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2010.170"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msz105"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.109.108100"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/122.4.891"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.106.060541"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2013.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evy108"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyab197"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","first-page":"55","volume-title":"Concepts in Nematode Systematics","author":"Triantaphyllou A. 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