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We find that with very few exceptions, both private supply chain policies and public deforestation policy mixes that successfully reduced deforestation failed to reduce anthropogenic forest degradation. This implies that deforestation control policies alone, which are the dominant approach to the conservation of forests, are insufficient to preserve biodiversity and carbon and safeguard forest-dependent livelihoods. Policy approaches that explicitly address fire, logging, fragmentation, and other degradation drivers are urgently needed to tackle these major gaps in current conservation policy approaches. 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