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Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition is generally expected to stimulate plant carbon (C) sequestration and promote tree growth, thereby mitigating atmospheric CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    accumulation. Yet, the magnitude of N deposition contribution to forest productivity remains contentious. While correlative studies suggest substantial plant growth enhancement, controlled fertilization experiments typically demonstrate a limited impact. This discrepancy may arise from whether or not to consider canopy N uptake processes. Here, we conducted a 10-y field experiment comparing canopy addition of N (CAN) with understory addition of N (UAN) at the rate of 0, 25, and 50 kg N ha\n                    <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                    y\n                    <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                    in a temperate deciduous forest in central China. We show that CAN significantly enhanced net primary productivity by 37.0% over control, driven by enhanced leaf litterfall, wood and fine root production, whereas UAN effects were marginal (8%).\n                    <jats:sup>15<\/jats:sup>\n                    N isotopic tracing revealed that CAN, through enhanced plant N uptake and increased ecosystem N retention, yielded a 3.5-fold higher C sequestration efficiency (\u2206C\/\u2206N) of 54.5 \u00b1 7.7 kg C kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                    N, than UAN (12.2 \u00b1 3.4 kg C kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u20131<\/jats:sup>\n                    N) resulted from greater N loss through leaching. Physiological measurements indicated CAN enhanced leaf photosynthetic rates, modified leaf morphology, and extended leaf lifespan via delayed senescence. These findings provide robust empirical evidence that canopy N uptake is crucial for maximizing N-induced forest productivity, thereby holding significant implications for refining global C models and urging modelers to incorporate canopy processes for more accurate projections of future C sinks and climate change mitigation strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2508925122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T14:13:09Z","timestamp":1755785589000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Underappreciated role of canopy nitrogen deposition for forest productivity"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2333-9739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Geographical Science, Faculty of Geographical Science and 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