{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T04:28:13Z","timestamp":1783657693000,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","issue":"40","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022M3J5A1056117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022M3J5A1056117"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00399424"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00399424"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014857","name":"\u5e7f\u4e1c\u7701\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c | National Natural Science Foundation of China-Guangdong Joint Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32400070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32400070"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014857","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.pnas.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    -xylene (BTEX) are key aromatic hydrocarbons widely used in fuels, polymers, and industrial chemicals, yet their production remains heavily dependent on fossil resources, raising environmental and public health concerns. To promote de novo production of BTEX from renewable feedstocks, we developed a chemobiological platform that integrates microbial biosynthesis with chemical deoxygenation. Four metabolically engineered\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    strains were constructed to produce one of four oxygenated precursors of BTEX\u2014phenol, benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, or 2,5-xylenol\u2014from glucose or glycerol. After in situ two-phase extractive fermentation of the individual engineered strains using isopropyl myristate (IPM) as the organic solvent, the organic phase containing one of the oxygenated precursors was separated from the aqueous phase and subjected to distinct chemical deoxygenation reactions to reduce the precursor to the corresponding BTEX compound. This modular approach, based on the compatible organic solvent, streamlines biotransformation and consecutive chemical derivatization, providing a practical and viable route to sustainable BTEX production. The platform is extensible and provides a generalizable framework for integrating biosynthesis with chemical deoxygenation in hybrid bioprocessing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2509568122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T18:11:50Z","timestamp":1759428710000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.cm10313","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Chemobiological synthesis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene from glucose or glycerol"],"prefix":"10.1073","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Xuan","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory and Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Daejeon, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Institute for the BioCentury and Institute for AI, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Daejeon, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbiology in Genomic Modification and Editing and Application, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People\u2019s Hospital, Shenzhen University Medical School, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University","place":["Shenzhen, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7508-8930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taewan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Daejeon, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zi Wei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory and Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Daejeon, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Institute for the BioCentury and Institute for AI, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Daejeon, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9621-4860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyeong Rok","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory and Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Daejeon, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Institute for the BioCentury and Institute for AI, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Daejeon, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Graduate School of Green Growth and Sustainability, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Daejeon, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9264-6794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunkyu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Daejeon, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0599-3091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Yup","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic and Biomolecular Engineering National Research Laboratory and Systems Metabolic Engineering and Systems Healthcare Cross-Generation Collaborative Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 four), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Daejeon, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"Institute for the BioCentury and Institute for AI, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Daejeon, Republic of Korea"]},{"name":"BioProcess Engineering Research Center and Center for Synthetic Biology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","place":["Daejeon, Republic of Korea"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"341","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en14134061"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43247-021-00174-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.134122"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","unstructured":"Mordor Intelligence Benzene-toluene-xylene (BTX)\u2014market share analysis industry trends & statistics growth forecasts (2024\u20132029). https:\/\/www.mordorintelligence.com\/industry-reports\/benzene-toluene-xylene-btx-market. Accessed January 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","unstructured":"J. Santodonato W. Meylan L. Davis P. Howard D. Orzel Investigation of selected potential environmental contaminants: styrene ethylbenzene and related compounds (1980). https:\/\/trid.trb.org\/View\/162375. 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Zou Data associated with the manuscript \u201cChemobiological synthesis of benzene toluene ethylbenzene and xylene from glucose or glycerol.\u201d Figshare. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6084\/m9.figshare.30165310. 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